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5. Collections and Generics 3. Generics

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Generics Basics JDK 5.0 introduces generics Generics allow you to abstract over types The most common examples are container types, such as those in the Collections hierarchy

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Generic Classes public class ClassName{ class body } Parametric type T can be used in the class body as usual type: private T a; public void set(T a) { this.a = a; } public T get() { return a; }

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Generic Objects You need to set a type in when creating an object of generic class: public class GenClass{ . . . . . } GenClass cInt = new GenClass();

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How Generics Work In the invocation all occurrences of the formal type parameter are replaced by the actual type argument The compiler can check the type correctness of the program at compile-time Primitive types cannot use as actual types

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Exercise. Print List Create a class with list of objects of an arbitrary given class with two methods: add for accumulation data in the list printList with a boolean parameter to print odd or even elements of the list accordingly to parameter’s value

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Exercise. Print List See 531FirstGeneric project for the full text

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Generics Inheritance In general, if Sub is a subtype (subclass or subinterface) of Base, and G is some generic type declaration, it is not the case that G is a subtype of G

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Generic Interfaces Generic interfaces are similar to generic classes: public interface List{ void add(E x); Iterator iterator(); } public interface Iterator{ E next(); boolean hasNext(); }

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Generic Methods Type parameters can also be declared within method and constructor signatures to create generic methods and generic constructors: public void inspect(U u){ . . . } Type inference feature allows you to invoke a generic method as you would an ordinary method, without specifying a type between angle brackets

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Generic Method Example class ArrayAlg { public static T getMiddle(T[] a) { return a[a.length / 2]; } } You can define generic methods both inside ordinary classes and inside generic classes

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Generic Method Call When you call a generic method, you can place the actual types, enclosed in angle brackets, before the method name: String[] names = { "John", "Q.", "Public" }; String middle = ArrayAlg.getMiddle(names);

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Wildcards What is the supertype of all kinds of collections? Collection is not such supertype due to generics inheritance rule Collection (pronounced "collection of unknown"), that is, a collection whose element type matches anything

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Bounded Wildcards ? extends class_name ? stands for an unknown type that this unknown type is a subtype of class_name example: List

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Bounded Wildcards Example public static double sumOfList(List

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Home Exercise 5.3.2 ( 1 of 2) Create TBill class that saves deal for buying treasury bills (nominal, price, amount of bills, maturity date) and calculating deal income as follows: income = (nominal – price) * amount

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Home Exercise 5.3.2 (2 of 2) Create DealAnalisys class that saves deals of any type (depo – single, barrier, month capitalization, TBill) Create compareIncome method that compares yield of the deal that saved in the class object and deal given as method’s parameter