🗊Презентация 8. Java concurrency 1. Threads

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8. Concurrency 1. Threads
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8. Concurrency 1. Threads

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Concurrency A single application is often expected to do more than one thing at a time Software that can do such things is known as concurrent software Since version 5.0, the Java platform has also included high-level concurrency APIs
Описание слайда:
Concurrency A single application is often expected to do more than one thing at a time Software that can do such things is known as concurrent software Since version 5.0, the Java platform has also included high-level concurrency APIs

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Processes A process has a self-contained execution environment A process generally has a complete, private set of basic run-time resources (e.g own memory space) A Java application can create additional processes using a ProcessBuilder object. Multiprocess applications are beyond the scope of this lesson
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Processes A process has a self-contained execution environment A process generally has a complete, private set of basic run-time resources (e.g own memory space) A Java application can create additional processes using a ProcessBuilder object. Multiprocess applications are beyond the scope of this lesson

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Threads I Threads are sometimes called lightweight processes Both processes and threads provide an execution environment, but creating a new thread requires fewer resources than creating a new process. Threads exist within a process — every process has at least one thread
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Threads I Threads are sometimes called lightweight processes Both processes and threads provide an execution environment, but creating a new thread requires fewer resources than creating a new process. Threads exist within a process — every process has at least one thread

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Threads II Threads share the process's resources, including memory and open files From the application programmer's point of view, you start with just one thread, called the main thread This thread has the ability to create additional threads
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Threads II Threads share the process's resources, including memory and open files From the application programmer's point of view, you start with just one thread, called the main thread This thread has the ability to create additional threads

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Defining a Thread An application that creates an instance of Thread must provide the code that will run in that thread: Provide a Runnable object. Create Thread Subclass.
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Defining a Thread An application that creates an instance of Thread must provide the code that will run in that thread: Provide a Runnable object. Create Thread Subclass.

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Runnable Object The Runnable interface defines a single method, run, meant to contain the code executed in the thread The Runnable object is passed to the Thread constructor Thread’s start method is called
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Runnable Object The Runnable interface defines a single method, run, meant to contain the code executed in the thread The Runnable object is passed to the Thread constructor Thread’s start method is called

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Runnable Object Example public class HelloRunnable implements Runnable {   public void run() { System.out.println("Hello from a thread!"); }  public static void main(String args[]) { (new Thread(new HelloRunnable())).start(); }  }
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Runnable Object Example public class HelloRunnable implements Runnable {   public void run() { System.out.println("Hello from a thread!"); }  public static void main(String args[]) { (new Thread(new HelloRunnable())).start(); }  }

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Runnable Object in Java 8 public static void main(String args[]) { Runnable r = () -> System.out.println("Hello world!"); new Thread(r).start(); } 
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Runnable Object in Java 8 public static void main(String args[]) { Runnable r = () -> System.out.println("Hello world!"); new Thread(r).start(); } 

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Thread Subclass The Thread class itself implements Runnable, though its run method does nothing An application can subclass Thread, providing its own implementation of run
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Thread Subclass The Thread class itself implements Runnable, though its run method does nothing An application can subclass Thread, providing its own implementation of run

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Thread Subclass Example public class HelloThread extends Thread {  public void run() { System.out.println("Hello from a thread!"); }  public static void main(String args[]) { (new HelloThread()).start(); }   }
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Thread Subclass Example public class HelloThread extends Thread {  public void run() { System.out.println("Hello from a thread!"); }  public static void main(String args[]) { (new HelloThread()).start(); }   }

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Runnable vs Thread Subclass A Runnable object employment is more general, because the Runnable object can subclass a class other than Thread Thread subclassing is easier to use in simple applications, but is limited by the fact that your task class must be a descendant of Thread A Runnable object is applicable to the high-level thread management APIs
Описание слайда:
Runnable vs Thread Subclass A Runnable object employment is more general, because the Runnable object can subclass a class other than Thread Thread subclassing is easier to use in simple applications, but is limited by the fact that your task class must be a descendant of Thread A Runnable object is applicable to the high-level thread management APIs

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Pausing Execution with Sleep Thread.sleep causes the current thread to suspend execution for a specified period This is an efficient means of making processor time available to the other threads of an application or other applications that might be running on a computer system The sleep period can be terminated by interrupts
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Pausing Execution with Sleep Thread.sleep causes the current thread to suspend execution for a specified period This is an efficient means of making processor time available to the other threads of an application or other applications that might be running on a computer system The sleep period can be terminated by interrupts

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Sleep Example public class SleepMessages { public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { String importantInfo[] = { "Mares eat oats", "Does eat oats", "Little lambs eat ivy", "A kid will eat ivy too"}; for (int i = 0; i < importantInfo.length; i++) { Thread.sleep(4000); System.out.println(importantInfo[i]); } } }
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Sleep Example public class SleepMessages { public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { String importantInfo[] = { "Mares eat oats", "Does eat oats", "Little lambs eat ivy", "A kid will eat ivy too"}; for (int i = 0; i < importantInfo.length; i++) { Thread.sleep(4000); System.out.println(importantInfo[i]); } } }

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Thread Race Example Create two classes: first implements Runnable interface, and second extends Thread class. Method run() in both classes prints thread and iteration numbers and sleeps in some seconds.
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Thread Race Example Create two classes: first implements Runnable interface, and second extends Thread class. Method run() in both classes prints thread and iteration numbers and sleeps in some seconds.

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Thread Race Example See 811ThreadRace project for the full text.
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Thread Race Example See 811ThreadRace project for the full text.

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Thread Terminations A thread terminates when: its run method returns, by executing a return statement after executing the last statement in the method body if an exception occurs that is not caught in the method The interrupt method can be used to request termination of a thread
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Thread Terminations A thread terminates when: its run method returns, by executing a return statement after executing the last statement in the method body if an exception occurs that is not caught in the method The interrupt method can be used to request termination of a thread

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Interrupted Status When the interrupt method is called on a thread, the interrupted status of the thread is set This is a boolean flag that is present in every thread Each thread should occasionally check whether it has been interrupted
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Interrupted Status When the interrupt method is called on a thread, the interrupted status of the thread is set This is a boolean flag that is present in every thread Each thread should occasionally check whether it has been interrupted

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How to Check Interrupted Status To find out whether the interrupted status was set, first call the static Thread.currentThread method to get the current thread and then call the isInterrupted method: while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) { do more work }
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How to Check Interrupted Status To find out whether the interrupted status was set, first call the static Thread.currentThread method to get the current thread and then call the isInterrupted method: while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) { do more work }

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InterruptedException If a thread is blocked, it cannot check the interrupted status This is where the InterruptedException comes in When the interrupt method is called on a thread that blocks on a call such as sleep or wait, the blocking call is terminated by an InterruptedException
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InterruptedException If a thread is blocked, it cannot check the interrupted status This is where the InterruptedException comes in When the interrupt method is called on a thread that blocks on a call such as sleep or wait, the blocking call is terminated by an InterruptedException

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InterruptedException Example for (int i = 0; i < importantInfo.length; i++) { // Pause for 4 seconds try { Thread.sleep(4000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { return; } System.out.println(importantInfo[i]); }
Описание слайда:
InterruptedException Example for (int i = 0; i < importantInfo.length; i++) { // Pause for 4 seconds try { Thread.sleep(4000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { return; } System.out.println(importantInfo[i]); }

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Joins The join method allows one thread to wait for the completion of another If t is a Thread object whose thread is currently executing, t.join() causes the current thread to pause execution until t's thread terminates Overloads of join allow the programmer to specify a waiting period join responds to an interrupt by exiting with an InterruptedException
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Joins The join method allows one thread to wait for the completion of another If t is a Thread object whose thread is currently executing, t.join() causes the current thread to pause execution until t's thread terminates Overloads of join allow the programmer to specify a waiting period join responds to an interrupt by exiting with an InterruptedException

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Join Exercise Modify 811ThreadRace project so that first thread should wait for second thread finishing
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Join Exercise Modify 811ThreadRace project so that first thread should wait for second thread finishing

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ThreadRace Class public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{ ThreadRunnab r = new ThreadRunnab(); Thread t1 = new Thread(r); Thread t2 = new ThreadThread(); r.setThread(t2); t1.start(); t2.start(); }
Описание слайда:
ThreadRace Class public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{ ThreadRunnab r = new ThreadRunnab(); Thread t1 = new Thread(r); Thread t2 = new ThreadThread(); r.setThread(t2); t1.start(); t2.start(); }

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Join Exercise See 812ThreadJoin project for the full text.
Описание слайда:
Join Exercise See 812ThreadJoin project for the full text.

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Thread Priority public final void setPriority(int newPriority) - changes the priority of this thread public final int getPriority() - returns this thread's priority
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Thread Priority public final void setPriority(int newPriority) - changes the priority of this thread public final int getPriority() - returns this thread's priority

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Sharing Resources Example Try to generate Fibonacci series in one thread and print its values in another thread
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Sharing Resources Example Try to generate Fibonacci series in one thread and print its values in another thread

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Sharing Resources Example See 813Resources project for the full text.
Описание слайда:
Sharing Resources Example See 813Resources project for the full text.

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Manuals http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/index.html
Описание слайда:
Manuals http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/index.html

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