🗊Презентация Bronchitis. Future in the Past

Bronchitis. Future in the Past

Definition Bronchitis is a respiratory disease in which the mucus membrane in the lungs' bronchial passages becomes inflamed. As the irritated membrane swells and grows thicker, it narrows or shuts off the tiny airways in the lungs, resulting in coughing spells that may be accompanied by phlegm and breathlessness. The disease comes in two forms: acute (lasting from one to three weeks) and chronic (lasting at least 3 months of the year for two years in a row). People with asthma may also have asthmatic bronchitis, inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes.

The primary symptom of acute bronchitis is a cough. Other symptoms may include: The primary symptom of acute bronchitis is a cough. Other symptoms may include: sputum production, sore throat, nasal congestion, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Children with acute bronchitis may have symptoms of: a runny nose, mild fever, and cough up sputum or vomit mucus.

Causes of Bronchitis Acute bronchitis is generally caused by lung infections, 90% of which are viral in origin. Repeated attacks of acute bronchitis, which weaken and irritate bronchial airways over time, can result in chronic bronchitis. Industrial pollution is another culprit. Chronic bronchitis is found in higher-than-normal rates among coal miners, grain handlers, metal molders, and other people who are continually exposed to dust and fumes. But the chief cause is heavy, long-term cigarette smoking, which irritates the bronchial tubes and causes them to produce excess mucus. The symptoms of chronic bronchitis are also worsened by high concentrations of sulfur dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere.

Treatment Bed rest and supportive care such as reducing coughing are the main treatments for acute bronchitis. In most individuals, antibiotics are not needed, especially those who have as cause viral or environmental factors. For some patients who have wheezing with their cough, beta2 agonists may be helpful (bronchodilators). Perhaps the most useful treatments are directed at reducing coughing symptoms with over the counter preparations containing guaifenesin and mucolytics. NSAIDs are often added to reduce inflammation and help relieve discomfort. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend giving OTC cough and cold medications to children under two years of age; these medicines may cause harmful side-effects that can be life-threatening to young children.

Simple Future in the Past Обозначает действия в будущем, воспринимаемом из прошлого: He said he would go to the dentist. Он сказал, что пойдет к зубному.

Continuous Future in the Past Обозначает процесс, который будет длиться в определенный момент будущего, воспринимаемого из прошлого: He was planning how he would be sipping cocktail on his vacation. Он представлял себе, как будет потягивать коктейль в отпуске.

Perfect Future in the Past Действие, которое будет закончено к определенному моменту будущего, воспринимаемого из прошлого: We hoped we should have done our homework by midday. Мы надеялись, что сделаем домашнее задание к полудню

Perfect Continuous Future in the Past Чрезвычайно редкое даже в письменной речи время, которое обозначает процесс, который начнется и будет продолжаться до определенного момента в будущем, воспринимаемом из прошлого: He told us he would have been working on the plant for 30 years next December. Он рассказал нам, что в декабре исполнится 30 лет, как он работает на этом заводе.