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Слайды и текст этой презентации

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Lecture 1-2 Senior-Lecturer: Sarsenova Zh.N.

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Introducing the World Wide Web In 1969, the first transmission over the Internet took place Web pages are the basic unit of a website, and every website is a collection of one or more pages

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Introducing HTML: The Language of the Web Web pages are written in HTML (HyperText Markup Language) A markup language is a set of markup tags It tells browsers how to display the contents of a web page, using special instructions (called tags) that instruct the browser when to start a paragraph, italicize a word, or display a picture

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Creating an HTML File Fire up your favorite text editor Start writing HTML content. When you finish your web page, save the document. In the Encoding list, choose UTF-8. When you name your file, use the extension .htm or .html

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HTML Tags HTML tags are formatting instructions that tell a browser how to transform ordinary text into something visually appealing. If you were to take all the tags out of an HTML document, the resulting page would consist of nothing more than plain, unformatted text.

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What’s in a Tag To create a tag, you type HTML code between the brackets. (look like this: < >) For example, one simple tag is the tag, which stands for “bold” (tag names are always lowercase). As you’ve seen, tags come in pairs. When you use a start tag (like for bold), you have to include an end tag (like ). This combination of start and end tags and the text in between them makes up an HTML element.

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Example 1

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Types of elements: Container elements are, by far, the most common type. They apply formatting to the content nestled between the start and end tags. Standalone elements don’t turn formatting on or off. Instead, they insert something, like an image, into a page. One example is the element, which inserts a line break in a page. Standalone elements don’t come in pairs, as container elements do, and you may hear them referred to as empty elements because you can’t put any text inside them.

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Nesting Elements Nesting elements is one of the basic building block techniques of web pages. You can also nest elements to create more complicated page components, like bulleted lists.

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Example 3 This word has italic and bold formatting. This word has italic and bold formatting

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DOCTYPE element DOCTYPE – tells process Web files - such as validators, Web browsers, etc. about the HTML specification used in the file’s source. The document type definition (DTD) is the first piece of information in an HTML file. Always on the first line of a file, before beginning tag. It tells the browser what markup standard you used to write the page.

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Main HTML Components Any HTML document begins with the following tag pair - This element wraps everything (other than the doctype) in your web page. - This element designates the header portion of your document. The header can include some optional information about your web page, including the required title, optional search keywords, and an optional style sheet - This element holds the meat of your web page, including the actual content you want to display to the world. -element of the title - paragraph tag - comments tag

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HTML Page Structure

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Physical Styles Certain styles can be enforced to the browser by using following tags. Bold Italics Monospace (fixed width) Underline Subscript Superscript

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Logical Style

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Size and Color

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Other elements

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Other elements

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Horizontal Lines

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Preformatted Text

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Lists

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Linking other pages

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Creating Links to Other Files

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Creating Internal Links

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Embedding image in Web Page

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HTML Table

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HTML Table Syntax

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Images and Multimedia - I

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Images and Multimedia - I

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Home work Home work Read from book 19-35 pages Book: Creating a Web Site: Missing Manual

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Question Give examples of container element Give examples of standalone element

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Understanding Images To display pictures on a page, you use the element in your HTML document Example Standalone Inline element (you can put them inside inside other block element, like paragraph)

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Alternate text Attributes: src and alt src – location of the image alt- if the user for some reason cannot view it (slow connection)

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Examples of with attributes

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Picture Size Web weavers measure graphics in units called pixels. A pixel represents one tiny dot on a computer screen.

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HTML Elements for Tables wraps the whole shebang. It’s the starting point for every table. represents a single table row. Every table element () contains a series of one or more elements. represents a table cell (“td” stands for “table data”). For each cell you want in a row, you add one element. You put the text that you want to appear in that cell inside the element. is an optional table element; you use it when you want to define a column heading. You can use a element instead of a element any time, although it usually makes the most sense in the first row of a table.

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Example

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HTML Forms

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The Element The HTML element defines a form that is used to collect user input:

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The Element The element is the most important form element. The element can be displayed in several ways, depending on the type attribute.

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Text Input defines a one-line input field for text input:

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Radio Button Input defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONE of a limited number of choices:

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The Submit Button defines a button for submitting the form data to a form-handler. The form-handler is typically a server page with a script for processing input data. The form-handler is specified in the form's action attribute:

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Grouping Form Data with The element is used to group related data in a form. The element defines a caption for the element.

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Example

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Label Element The tag defines a label for an element. The element does not render as anything special for the user. However, it provides a usability improvement for mouse users, because if the user clicks on the text within the element, it toggles the control.

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HTML Forms

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HTML Tag An HTML text area: The tag defines a multi-line text input control. A text area can hold an unlimited number of characters, and the text renders in a fixed-width font (usually Courier).

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Attributes

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HTML Tag Create a drop-down list with four options:

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HTML Tag The is used to group related options in a drop-down list.

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HTML Tag The tag defines an option in a select list.

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HTML Tag The tag defines a division or a section in an HTML document.

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HTML class Attribute The class attribute specifies one or more classnames for an element.

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HTML id Attribute

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HTML5 Semantic Elements A semantic element clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer. Examples of non-semantic elements: and - Tells nothing about its content. Examples of semantic elements: , , and - Clearly defines its content.