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Linux Basics WeeSan Lee

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Roadmap What is Unix? What is Linux? Which Linux Distribution is better? Fish vs. Fishing Basic Commands Vi and Emacs Q&A References

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What is Unix? A multi-task and multi-user Operating System Developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Labs by Ken Thompson (Unix) Dennis Ritchie (C) Douglas Mcllroy (Pipes - Do one thing, do it well) Some other variants: System V, Solaris, SCO Unix, SunOS, 4.4BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, BSDI

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What is Linux? A clone of Unix Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish graduate student Inspired by and replacement of Minix Linus' Minix became Linux Consist of Linux Kernel GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Software Software Package management Others

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What is Linux? Originally developed for 32-bit x86-based PC Ported to other architectures, eg. Alpha, VAX, PowerPC, IBM S/390, MIPS, IA-64 PS2, TiVo, cellphones, watches, Nokia N810, NDS, routers, NAS, GPS, …

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Which Linux Distribution is better? > 300 Linux Distributions Slackware (one of the oldest, simple and stable distro.) Redhat RHEL (commercially support) Fedora (free) CentOS (free RHEL, based in England) SuSe ( based in German) Gentoo (Source code based) Debian (one of the few called GNU/Linux) Ubuntu (based in South Africa) Knoppix (first LiveCD distro.) …

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Which Linux Distribution is better?

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Which Linux Distribution is better? Ask yourself these questions (from LAH) Is it going to be around in 5 yrs? Is it giong to stay on top of the latest security patches? Is it going to release updated software promptly? If I have problems, will the vendor talk to me? Personally, I use Slackware But, we will use CentOS (possibly along with Slackware :)

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Fish vs. Fishing Manpage $ man ls $ man 2 mkdir $ man man $ man -k mkdir Manpage sections (LAH Table 1.2 @ page 12) 1 User-level cmds and apps /bin/mkdir 2 System calls int mkdir(const char *, …); 3 Library calls int printf(const char *, …);

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Fish vs. Fishing (cont) Google linux package management -rpm “linux package management” -rpm linux OR windows rpm site:redhat.com linux faq filetype:pdf Info Text-base, menu-based help from GNU ?, h, u, t, ^N, ^P, Enter $ info info

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Basic Commands ls $ ls -l $ ls -a $ ls -la $ ls -l --sort=time $ ls -l --sort=size -r cd $ cd /usr/bin pwd $ pwd ~ $ cd ~ ~user $ cd ~weesan What will “cd ~/weesan” do?

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Basic Commands (cont) echo $ echo “Hello World” $ echo -n “Hello World” cat $ cat /etc/motd $ cat /proc/cpuinfo cp $ cp foo bar $ cp -a foo bar mv $ mv foo bar mkdir $ mkdir foo

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Basic Commands (cont) tar $ tar cvfp lab1.tar lab1 gzip $ gzip -9 lab1.tar untar & ungzip $ gzip -cd lab1.tar.gz | tar xvf – $ tar xvfz lab1.tar.gz touch $ touch foo $ cat /dev/null > foo

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Basic Commands (cont) Disk usage $ df -h / File space usage $ du -sxh ~/ Advance stuff  $ ssh eon who $ ssh eon ‘cd .html ; tar cvfp - cs183 | gzip -9c’ | tar xvfpz - $ ssh kilo-1 ‘tar cvfp - /extra/weesan’ | tar xvfp - -C /

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Vi 2 modes Input mode ESC to back to cmd mode Command mode Cursor movement h (left), j (down), k (up), l (right) ^f (page down) ^b (page up) ^ (first char.) $ (last char.) G (bottom page) :1 (goto first line) Swtch to input mode a (append) i (insert) o (insert line after O (insert line before)

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Emacs $ emacs Cursor movement ^f (forward one char.) ^b (backward one char.) ^a (begin of line) ^e (end of line) ^n (next line) ^p (prev. line) ^v (page up) alt-v (page down) Deletion ^d (delete one char) alt-d (delete one word) ^k (delete line)