🗊Презентация Principles of programming. Languages introduction. Objectives

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Слайд 1





CS 331, Principles of Programming Languages
Introduction
Описание слайда:
CS 331, Principles of Programming Languages Introduction

Слайд 2





Objectives
To introduce several different paradigms of programming
But isn’t one language pretty much like another?  No!
To gain experience with these paradigms by using example programming languages
To understand concepts of syntax, translation, abstraction, and implementation
Описание слайда:
Objectives To introduce several different paradigms of programming But isn’t one language pretty much like another? No! To gain experience with these paradigms by using example programming languages To understand concepts of syntax, translation, abstraction, and implementation

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Paradigms of Programming?
There are several ways to think about computation:
a set of instructions to be executed
a set of expressions to be evaluated
a set of rules to be applied
a set of objects to be arranged
a set of messages to be sent and received
Описание слайда:
Paradigms of Programming? There are several ways to think about computation: a set of instructions to be executed a set of expressions to be evaluated a set of rules to be applied a set of objects to be arranged a set of messages to be sent and received

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Some Programming Paradigms
Procedural
examples:  C, Pascal, Basic, Fortran
Functional
examples:  Lisp, ML
Object-oriented
examples:  C++, Java, Smalltalk
Rule-based (or Logic)
example:  Prolog
Описание слайда:
Some Programming Paradigms Procedural examples: C, Pascal, Basic, Fortran Functional examples: Lisp, ML Object-oriented examples: C++, Java, Smalltalk Rule-based (or Logic) example: Prolog

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Why so many?
Most important:  the choice of paradigm (and therefore language) depends on how humans best think about the problem
Other considerations:
efficiency
compatibility with existing code
availability of translators
Описание слайда:
Why so many? Most important: the choice of paradigm (and therefore language) depends on how humans best think about the problem Other considerations: efficiency compatibility with existing code availability of translators

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Models of Computation
RAM machine
procedural
directed acyclic graphs
Smalltalk model of O-O
partial recursive functions
Lisp and ML
Markov algorithms
Prolog is loosely based on these
Описание слайда:
Models of Computation RAM machine procedural directed acyclic graphs Smalltalk model of O-O partial recursive functions Lisp and ML Markov algorithms Prolog is loosely based on these

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Lots of Languages
There are many programming languages out there
Lots of other PL-like objects
document languages, e.g. LaTeX, Postscript
command languages, e.g. bash, MATLAB
markup languages, e.g. HTML and XML
specification languages, e.g. UML
Описание слайда:
Lots of Languages There are many programming languages out there Lots of other PL-like objects document languages, e.g. LaTeX, Postscript command languages, e.g. bash, MATLAB markup languages, e.g. HTML and XML specification languages, e.g. UML

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Issues for all Languages
Can it be understood by people and processed by machines?
although translation may be required
Sufficient expressive power?
can we say what needs to be said, at an appropriate level of abstraction?
Описание слайда:
Issues for all Languages Can it be understood by people and processed by machines? although translation may be required Sufficient expressive power? can we say what needs to be said, at an appropriate level of abstraction?

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Translation
Compilation
Translate into instructions suitable for some other (lower level) machine
During execution, that machine maintains program state information
Interpretation
May involve some translation
Interpreter maintains program state
Описание слайда:
Translation Compilation Translate into instructions suitable for some other (lower level) machine During execution, that machine maintains program state information Interpretation May involve some translation Interpreter maintains program state

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Trade-offs
Compilation
lower level machine may be faster, so programs run faster
compilation can be expensive
examples:  C  (and Java?)
Interpretation
more ability to perform diagnostics (or changes) at run-time
examples: Basic, UNIX shells, Lisp
Описание слайда:
Trade-offs Compilation lower level machine may be faster, so programs run faster compilation can be expensive examples: C (and Java?) Interpretation more ability to perform diagnostics (or changes) at run-time examples: Basic, UNIX shells, Lisp



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