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Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №1Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №2Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №3Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №4Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №5Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №6Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №7Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №8Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №9Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №10Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №11Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №12Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №13Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №14Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №15Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №16Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №17Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №18Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №19Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №20Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №21Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №22Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №23Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №24Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №25Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №26Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №27Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №28Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №29Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №30Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №31Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №32Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №33Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №34Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №35

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Programming Logic and Design
Seventh Edition
Chapter 7
File Handling and Applications
Описание слайда:
Programming Logic and Design Seventh Edition Chapter 7 File Handling and Applications

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Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn about:
Computer files
The data hierarchy
Performing file operations
Sequential files and control break logic
Merging files
Master and transaction file processing
Random access files
Описание слайда:
Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Computer files The data hierarchy Performing file operations Sequential files and control break logic Merging files Master and transaction file processing Random access files

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Understanding Computer Files
Computer file
A collection of data stored on permanent storage devices such as DVDs, USB drives, and reels of magnetic tape
Text files (numbers, names, salaries) that can be read by a text editor
Binary files (images and music) 
File size measured in bytes
Byte (one character), kilobyte (thousands of bytes), megabyte (millions of bytes), gigabyte (billions of bytes), terabyte (trillions of bytes)
Описание слайда:
Understanding Computer Files Computer file A collection of data stored on permanent storage devices such as DVDs, USB drives, and reels of magnetic tape Text files (numbers, names, salaries) that can be read by a text editor Binary files (images and music) File size measured in bytes Byte (one character), kilobyte (thousands of bytes), megabyte (millions of bytes), gigabyte (billions of bytes), terabyte (trillions of bytes)

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Understanding Computer Files (continued)
Organizing files
Directories and folders
Organization units on storage devices
Path
Combination of disk drive plus the complete hierarchy of directories
Example:  C:\Logic\SampleFiles\PayrollData.dat
Описание слайда:
Understanding Computer Files (continued) Organizing files Directories and folders Organization units on storage devices Path Combination of disk drive plus the complete hierarchy of directories Example: C:\Logic\SampleFiles\PayrollData.dat

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Understanding the Data Hierarchy
Data hierarchy
Describes the relationships between data components
Consists of: 
Characters
Fields
Records
Files
Описание слайда:
Understanding the Data Hierarchy Data hierarchy Describes the relationships between data components Consists of: Characters Fields Records Files

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Performing File Operations
Use data files in your programs
Declaring a file
InputFile employeeData
OutputFile updatedData
Opening a file
open employeeData "EmployeeData.dat"
Reading data from a file
input name from employeeData
input address from employeeData
input payRate from employeeData
Описание слайда:
Performing File Operations Use data files in your programs Declaring a file InputFile employeeData OutputFile updatedData Opening a file open employeeData "EmployeeData.dat" Reading data from a file input name from employeeData input address from employeeData input payRate from employeeData

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Performing File Operations (continued)
Figure 7-2 Reading three data items from a storage device into memory
Описание слайда:
Performing File Operations (continued) Figure 7-2 Reading three data items from a storage device into memory

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Performing File Operations (continued)
Writing data to a file
output name, address, payRate to employeeData
Closing a file	
Always close every file you open
Описание слайда:
Performing File Operations (continued) Writing data to a file output name, address, payRate to employeeData Closing a file Always close every file you open

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Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №9
Описание слайда:

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Programming Logic and Design. Chapter 7. File Handling and Applications, слайд №10
Описание слайда:

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A Program that Performs File Operations
Backup file 
A copy that is kept in case values need to be restored to their original state
Called a parent file 
A newly revised copy is a child file
Sorting 
The process of placing records in order by the value in a specific field or fields
Описание слайда:
A Program that Performs File Operations Backup file A copy that is kept in case values need to be restored to their original state Called a parent file A newly revised copy is a child file Sorting The process of placing records in order by the value in a specific field or fields

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Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic
Sequential file
Records are stored one after another in some order 
Understanding control break logic
A control break is a temporary detour in a program
A control break program uses a change in a value to initiate special actions or processing
A control break report groups similar data together
Input records must be in sequential order
Описание слайда:
Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic Sequential file Records are stored one after another in some order Understanding control break logic A control break is a temporary detour in a program A control break program uses a change in a value to initiate special actions or processing A control break report groups similar data together Input records must be in sequential order

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Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued)
Figure 7-4 A control break report with totals after each state
Описание слайда:
Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued) Figure 7-4 A control break report with totals after each state

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Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued)
Examples of control break reports
All employees listed in order by department number, with a new page started for each department
All books for sale in a bookstore listed in order by category (such as reference or self-help), with a count following each category of book
All items sold in order by date of sale, with a different ink color for each new month
Описание слайда:
Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued) Examples of control break reports All employees listed in order by department number, with a new page started for each department All books for sale in a bookstore listed in order by category (such as reference or self-help), with a count following each category of book All items sold in order by date of sale, with a different ink color for each new month

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Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued)
Single-level control break
A detour based on the value of a single variable
Uses a control break field to hold the previous value
Описание слайда:
Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued) Single-level control break A detour based on the value of a single variable Uses a control break field to hold the previous value

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Figure 7-5 Mainline logic and getReady() module for the program that produces clients by state report
Figure 7-5 Mainline logic and getReady() module for the program that produces clients by state report
Описание слайда:
Figure 7-5 Mainline logic and getReady() module for the program that produces clients by state report Figure 7-5 Mainline logic and getReady() module for the program that produces clients by state report

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Figure 7-6 The produceReport() and controlBreak() modules for the program that produces clients by state
Figure 7-6 The produceReport() and controlBreak() modules for the program that produces clients by state
Описание слайда:
Figure 7-6 The produceReport() and controlBreak() modules for the program that produces clients by state Figure 7-6 The produceReport() and controlBreak() modules for the program that produces clients by state

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Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued)
Figure 7-7 The finishUp()module for the program that produces clients by state report
Описание слайда:
Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic (continued) Figure 7-7 The finishUp()module for the program that produces clients by state report

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Merging Sequential Files
Merging files	
Combining two or more files while maintaining the sequential order
Examples 
A file of current employees in ID number order, and a file of newly hired employees also in ID number order
A file of parts manufactured in the Northside factory in part-number order, and a file of parts manufactured in the Southside factory also in part-number order
Описание слайда:
Merging Sequential Files Merging files Combining two or more files while maintaining the sequential order Examples A file of current employees in ID number order, and a file of newly hired employees also in ID number order A file of parts manufactured in the Northside factory in part-number order, and a file of parts manufactured in the Southside factory also in part-number order

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Merging Sequential Files (continued)
Two conditions required for merging files
Each file has the same record layout
Sorted in the same order based on the same field
Ascending order (lowest to highest values)
Descending order (highest to lowest values)
Описание слайда:
Merging Sequential Files (continued) Two conditions required for merging files Each file has the same record layout Sorted in the same order based on the same field Ascending order (lowest to highest values) Descending order (highest to lowest values)

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Merging Sequential Files (continued)
Figure 7-8 Sample data contained in two customer files
Описание слайда:
Merging Sequential Files (continued) Figure 7-8 Sample data contained in two customer files

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Mainline logic similar to other file-processing programs, except for handling two files
Mainline logic similar to other file-processing programs, except for handling two files
With two input files, must determine when both files are at eof
Define a flag variable to indicate that both files have reached eof
Must define two input files
Read one record from each input file
Описание слайда:
Mainline logic similar to other file-processing programs, except for handling two files Mainline logic similar to other file-processing programs, except for handling two files With two input files, must determine when both files are at eof Define a flag variable to indicate that both files have reached eof Must define two input files Read one record from each input file

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Figure 7-10 Mainline logic of a program that merges files
Figure 7-10 Mainline logic of a program that merges files
Описание слайда:
Figure 7-10 Mainline logic of a program that merges files Figure 7-10 Mainline logic of a program that merges files

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Figure 7-12 Start of merging process
Figure 7-12 Start of merging process
Описание слайда:
Figure 7-12 Start of merging process Figure 7-12 Start of merging process

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Figure 7-13 Continuation of merging process
Figure 7-13 Continuation of merging process
Описание слайда:
Figure 7-13 Continuation of merging process Figure 7-13 Continuation of merging process

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Master and Transaction File Processing
Some related files have a master-transaction relationship 
Master file
Holds relatively permanent data
Transaction file
Contains temporary data to be used to update the master file
Update the master file
Changes to values in its fields based on transactions
Описание слайда:
Master and Transaction File Processing Some related files have a master-transaction relationship Master file Holds relatively permanent data Transaction file Contains temporary data to be used to update the master file Update the master file Changes to values in its fields based on transactions

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Master and Transaction File Processing (continued)
Examples
A library maintains a master file of all patrons and a transaction file with information about each book or other items checked out
A college maintains a master file of all students and a transaction file for each course registration
A telephone company maintains a master file of every telephone line (number) and a transaction file with information about every call
Описание слайда:
Master and Transaction File Processing (continued) Examples A library maintains a master file of all patrons and a transaction file with information about each book or other items checked out A college maintains a master file of all students and a transaction file for each course registration A telephone company maintains a master file of every telephone line (number) and a transaction file with information about every call

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Master and Transaction File Processing (continued)
Updating approaches
Change information in master file
Copy master file and change new version
Begin with both files sorted in the same order on the same field
Описание слайда:
Master and Transaction File Processing (continued) Updating approaches Change information in master file Copy master file and change new version Begin with both files sorted in the same order on the same field

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Figure 7-16 The housekeeping() module for the master-transaction program, and the modules it calls
Figure 7-16 The housekeeping() module for the master-transaction program, and the modules it calls
Описание слайда:
Figure 7-16 The housekeeping() module for the master-transaction program, and the modules it calls Figure 7-16 The housekeeping() module for the master-transaction program, and the modules it calls

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Figure 7-17 The updateRecords() module for the master-transaction program
Figure 7-17 The updateRecords() module for the master-transaction program
Описание слайда:
Figure 7-17 The updateRecords() module for the master-transaction program Figure 7-17 The updateRecords() module for the master-transaction program

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Master and Transaction File Processing (continued)
Figure 7-18 Sample data for the file-matching program
Описание слайда:
Master and Transaction File Processing (continued) Figure 7-18 Sample data for the file-matching program

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Random Access Files
Batch processing
Involves performing the same tasks with many records, one after the other
Uses sequential files
Real-time applications
Require that a record be accessed immediately while a client is waiting
Interactive program
A program in which the user makes direct requests
Описание слайда:
Random Access Files Batch processing Involves performing the same tasks with many records, one after the other Uses sequential files Real-time applications Require that a record be accessed immediately while a client is waiting Interactive program A program in which the user makes direct requests

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Random Access Files (continued)
Random access files
Records can be located in any order
Instant access files
Locating a particular record directly
Also known as direct access files
Описание слайда:
Random Access Files (continued) Random access files Records can be located in any order Instant access files Locating a particular record directly Also known as direct access files

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Summary
Computer file
A collection of data stored on a nonvolatile device in a computer system
Data items are stored in a hierarchy
Using a data file
Declare, open, read, write, close
Sequential file: records stored in some order
Merging files combines two or more files
Maintains the same sequential order
Описание слайда:
Summary Computer file A collection of data stored on a nonvolatile device in a computer system Data items are stored in a hierarchy Using a data file Declare, open, read, write, close Sequential file: records stored in some order Merging files combines two or more files Maintains the same sequential order

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Summary
Master files
Hold permanent data
Updated by transaction files
Real-time applications
Require random access files
Records stored in any order
Records accessed immediately
Описание слайда:
Summary Master files Hold permanent data Updated by transaction files Real-time applications Require random access files Records stored in any order Records accessed immediately



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