🗊 Psychoactive substances and drugs. Antidepressants Zvereva Mila school of pharmacy

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  Psychoactive substances and drugs. Antidepressants  Zvereva Mila  school of pharmacy  , слайд №1  
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Psychoactive substances and drugs. Antidepressants
Zvereva Mila
school of pharmacy
Описание слайда:
Psychoactive substances and drugs. Antidepressants Zvereva Mila school of pharmacy

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Overview
 10700 y.a. – The betel nut was chewed in Thailand 
 7000 y.a. – Coca was being used in the Andes
  Before European contact – Native Americans used tobacco
Описание слайда:
Overview  10700 y.a. – The betel nut was chewed in Thailand  7000 y.a. – Coca was being used in the Andes   Before European contact – Native Americans used tobacco

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Legality
The resolution of the government of Russian Federation N 681 (30.06.1998) 
1) list I: mescaline and its derivatives, hashish, heroin, marijuana, methadone, MMDA, opium, psilocybin , psilocin, ephedrine, etc.
2) list II: codeine, cocaine, morphine, ethylmorphine, omnopon, fentanyl, promedol, etc.
3) list III: barbital, nitrazepam, diazepam, taren, etc.
4) list IV:ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, acetone, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate, acetic acid, etc.
Описание слайда:
Legality The resolution of the government of Russian Federation N 681 (30.06.1998) 1) list I: mescaline and its derivatives, hashish, heroin, marijuana, methadone, MMDA, opium, psilocybin , psilocin, ephedrine, etc. 2) list II: codeine, cocaine, morphine, ethylmorphine, omnopon, fentanyl, promedol, etc. 3) list III: barbital, nitrazepam, diazepam, taren, etc. 4) list IV:ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, acetone, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate, acetic acid, etc.

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Mechanisms and effects
Agonists:
increasing the synthesis of one or more neurotransmitters
reducing its reuptake from the synapses
 mimicking the action by binding directly to the postsynaptic receptor
Antagonists:
 interfering with synthesis 
blocking postsynaptic receptors
Описание слайда:
Mechanisms and effects Agonists: increasing the synthesis of one or more neurotransmitters reducing its reuptake from the synapses mimicking the action by binding directly to the postsynaptic receptor Antagonists: interfering with synthesis blocking postsynaptic receptors

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Mechanisms and effects
Описание слайда:
Mechanisms and effects

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  Psychoactive substances and drugs. Antidepressants  Zvereva Mila  school of pharmacy  , слайд №6
Описание слайда:

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Addiction
psychological dependence
 physical dependence
Описание слайда:
Addiction psychological dependence  physical dependence

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Usage
Anxiolytics
Example: Benzodiazepine	
Euphoriants
Example: MDMA (Ecstasy), MDA, 6-APB, Indopan
Stimulants ("uppers")
Examples: amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine
Depressants ("downers"), including sedatives, hypnotics, and narcotics. 
Examples: ethanol (alcoholic beverages), opioids,  barbiturates,  benzodiazepines
Hallucinogens, including  psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants
Examples: psilocybin, LSD, Salvia divinorum and nitrous oxide
Описание слайда:
Usage Anxiolytics Example: Benzodiazepine Euphoriants Example: MDMA (Ecstasy), MDA, 6-APB, Indopan Stimulants ("uppers") Examples: amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine Depressants ("downers"), including sedatives, hypnotics, and narcotics. Examples: ethanol (alcoholic beverages), opioids,  barbiturates,  benzodiazepines Hallucinogens, including  psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants Examples: psilocybin, LSD, Salvia divinorum and nitrous oxide

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Ritual and spiritual
Описание слайда:
Ritual and spiritual

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Recreation

alcohol –in most areas of the world it is legal for those over a certain age 
tobacco – a legal drug
cannabis
caffeine - a legal drug, contained in coffee, tea, energy drinsks, and some soft drinks
MDMA 
cocaine 
amphetamines – prescribed for ADHD
psilocybin mushrooms 
LSD –banned in October 1968 by US President Lyndon B Johnson. 
opiates and opioids – available by prescription. 
tranquilizers – barbiturates, benzodiazepines - commonly prescribed for anxiety
nitrous oxide - legal
ketamine – used by paramedics in emergency situations for its  dissociative  and  analgesic qualities
amyl nitrite – a vasodilator (legal) 
other drugs (antidepressants, tranquilizers, analgesics, etc)
Описание слайда:
Recreation alcohol –in most areas of the world it is legal for those over a certain age tobacco – a legal drug cannabis caffeine - a legal drug, contained in coffee, tea, energy drinsks, and some soft drinks MDMA cocaine  amphetamines – prescribed for ADHD psilocybin mushrooms  LSD –banned in October 1968 by US President Lyndon B Johnson. opiates and opioids – available by prescription. tranquilizers – barbiturates, benzodiazepines - commonly prescribed for anxiety nitrous oxide - legal ketamine – used by paramedics in emergency situations for its  dissociative  and  analgesic qualities amyl nitrite – a vasodilator (legal) other drugs (antidepressants, tranquilizers, analgesics, etc)

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Pharmacoyherapy
Anesthesia
Pain management
Mental disorders
Описание слайда:
Pharmacoyherapy Anesthesia Pain management Mental disorders

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Depression and Antidepressants

Key facts:

Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease
More women are affected by depression than men
At its worst, depression can lead to suicide
There are effective treatments for depression
Описание слайда:
Depression and Antidepressants Key facts: Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease More women are affected by depression than men At its worst, depression can lead to suicide There are effective treatments for depression

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Drugs used for the treatment of depression: 
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Atypical antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
St. John’s wort ( Hypericum perforatum)
Описание слайда:
Drugs used for the treatment of depression: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Atypical antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) St. John’s wort ( Hypericum perforatum)

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs 
Citalopram (Celexa) 
Escitalopram (Lexapro) 
Fluoxetine (Prozac) 
Paroxetine (Paxil) 
Sertraline (Zoloft) 
Vilazodone (Viibryd)
Vortioxetine (Brintellix)
Описание слайда:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs Citalopram (Celexa)  Escitalopram (Lexapro)  Fluoxetine (Prozac)  Paroxetine (Paxil)  Sertraline (Zoloft)  Vilazodone (Viibryd) Vortioxetine (Brintellix)

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Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs

Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) 
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR)
Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)
Описание слайда:
Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)  Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)

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Other Antidepressants 

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Mirtazapine (Remeron, Remeron SolTab)
Trazodone (Desyrel, Oleptro)
Описание слайда:
Other Antidepressants Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Mirtazapine (Remeron, Remeron SolTab) Trazodone (Desyrel, Oleptro)

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Tricyclic antidepressants, TCAs

Amitriptyline (Elavil) 
Desipramine (Norpramin) 
Imipramine (Tofranil) 
Clomipramine (Anafranil) 
Nortriptyline (Pamelor) 
Protriptyline (Vivactil)
Doxepin (Sinequan, Silenor)
Trimipramine (Surmontil) 
Amoxapine
 
Описание слайда:
Tricyclic antidepressants, TCAs Amitriptyline (Elavil)  Desipramine (Norpramin)  Imipramine (Tofranil)  Clomipramine (Anafranil)  Nortriptyline (Pamelor)  Protriptyline (Vivactil) Doxepin (Sinequan, Silenor) Trimipramine (Surmontil)  Amoxapine  

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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors,MAO Is
Selegiline transdermal patch (Emsam)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate) 
Phenelzine (Nardil) 
Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Описание слайда:
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors,MAO Is Selegiline transdermal patch (Emsam) Tranylcypromine (Parnate)  Phenelzine (Nardil)  Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

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Herbals
Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort)
Описание слайда:
Herbals Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort)

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The End
Описание слайда:
The End



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