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Records C++ Structs Chapter 14

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What to do with records? Declaring records Accessing records Accessing the field of a record What is a union? Can records be in arrays?

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Records Recall that elements of arrays must all be of the same type In some situations, we wish to group elements of different types

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Records RECORDS are used to group related components of different types Components of the record are called fields In C++ record called a struct (structure) fields called members

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Records C++ struct structured data type fixed number of components elements accessed by name, not by index components may be of different types

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Declaring struct Variables Given Declare :

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Accessing Components Use the name of the record the name of the member separated by a dot . The dot is called the member selector

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Aggregate Operations with Structures Recall that arrays had none (except reference parameter) Structures DO have aggregate operators assignment statement = parameter (value or reference) return a structure as a function type

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Aggregate Operations with Structures Limitations on aggregate operations no I/O no arithmetic operations no comparisons

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Aggregate Operations with Structures struct variables must be compared member-wise. To compare the values of student and newStudent, you must compare them member-wise, as follows: if(student.firstName == newStudent.firstName && student.lastName == newStudent.lastName) ...

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Input/Output There are no aggregate input/output operations on struct. Data in a struct variable must be read one member at a time. Contents of a struct must be written one member at a time.

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struct Variables and Functions A struct variable can be passed as a parameter either by value or by reference. A function can return a value of the type struct Note example program fragment

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Arrays of Records First declare a struct (such as part_struct) Then specify an array of that type Access elements of the array, elements of the struct

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Records with Arrays Example const int arraySize = 1000; struct listType { int elements[arraySize]; //array containing the list int listLength; //length of the list }

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Hierarchical Records records where at least one of the components is, itself, a record Example:

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Choosing Data Structures Strive to group logical elements of a structure together calls for hierarchical structures Push details of entities down to lower levels of the structure Data Abstraction separation of logical peoperties of a data type from its implementation

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Testing and Debugging Hints Declaration of a struct type must end with a semicolon ; Be sure to specify the full member selector when referencing a component of a struct variable don’t leave out the struct name

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Testing and Debugging When using an array in a struct, the index goes at the end student_rec.scores[x] When using an array of struct, the index goes after the struct name parts_list[x].qty

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Testing and Debugging Process struct members separately … the only aggregate operations will be Assignment = Parameter passing void do_it (part_struct part); Function return part_struct blanked_part ( );

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Testing and Debugging Be careful using same member names in different struct types Compiler keeps them separate OK Human readers can easily confuse them

Теги Records Structs

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