🗊Презентация Economic Systems

Категория: Экономика и Финансы
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Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1


Economic Systems Economic Questions and Economic Systems Production Possibilities Frontier Comparative Advantage
Описание слайда:
Economic Systems Economic Questions and Economic Systems Production Possibilities Frontier Comparative Advantage

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Economic Systems Why are economies around the world growing more market oriented? How much can an economy produce with the resources available? Can you actually save time by applying economic principles to your family chores? Why is ‘experience’ a good teacher? Why is ‘fast food’ so fast?
Описание слайда:
Economic Systems Why are economies around the world growing more market oriented? How much can an economy produce with the resources available? Can you actually save time by applying economic principles to your family chores? Why is ‘experience’ a good teacher? Why is ‘fast food’ so fast?

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Economic Questions and Economic Systems Identify three questions that all economic systems must answer. Describe a pure market economy, and identify its problems. Describe a pure centrally planned economy, and identify its problems. Compare mixed, transitional, and traditional economies.
Описание слайда:
Economic Questions and Economic Systems Identify three questions that all economic systems must answer. Describe a pure market economy, and identify its problems. Describe a pure centrally planned economy, and identify its problems. Compare mixed, transitional, and traditional economies.

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Economic Questions and Economic Systems economic system pure market economy pure centrally planned economy mixed economy market economy transitional economy traditional economy Market place in Cameroon
Описание слайда:
Economic Questions and Economic Systems economic system pure market economy pure centrally planned economy mixed economy market economy transitional economy traditional economy Market place in Cameroon

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Three Economic Questions All economies must answer these three questions: 1. What goods and services will be produced? 2. How will they be produced? 3. For whom will they be produced?
Описание слайда:
Three Economic Questions All economies must answer these three questions: 1. What goods and services will be produced? 2. How will they be produced? 3. For whom will they be produced?

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Economic System An economic system is the set of mechanisms and institutions that resolves the what, how, and for whom questions. Some standards used to distinguish among economic systems are: Who owns the resources? What decision-making process is used to allocate resources and products? What types of incentives guide economic decision makers?
Описание слайда:
Economic System An economic system is the set of mechanisms and institutions that resolves the what, how, and for whom questions. Some standards used to distinguish among economic systems are: Who owns the resources? What decision-making process is used to allocate resources and products? What types of incentives guide economic decision makers?

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Pure Market Economy All resources are privately owned Coordination of economic activity is based on the prices generated in free, competitive markets Any income derived from selling resources goes exclusively to each resource owner
Описание слайда:
Pure Market Economy All resources are privately owned Coordination of economic activity is based on the prices generated in free, competitive markets Any income derived from selling resources goes exclusively to each resource owner

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Invisible Hand of Markets According to economist Adam Smith (1723–1790), market forces coordinate production as if by an “invisible hand.”
Описание слайда:
Invisible Hand of Markets According to economist Adam Smith (1723–1790), market forces coordinate production as if by an “invisible hand.”

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Problems with Pure Market Economies Difficulty enforcing property rights Some people have few resources to sell Some firms try to monopolize markets No public goods Externalities
Описание слайда:
Problems with Pure Market Economies Difficulty enforcing property rights Some people have few resources to sell Some firms try to monopolize markets No public goods Externalities

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Pure Centrally Planned Economy All resources government-owned Production coordinated by the central plans of government Sometimes called communism Use visible central planners
Описание слайда:
Pure Centrally Planned Economy All resources government-owned Production coordinated by the central plans of government Sometimes called communism Use visible central planners

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Problems with Centrally Planned Economies Consumers get low priority Little freedom of choice Central planning can be inefficient Resources owned by the state are sometimes wasted Environmental damage
Описание слайда:
Problems with Centrally Planned Economies Consumers get low priority Little freedom of choice Central planning can be inefficient Resources owned by the state are sometimes wasted Environmental damage

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Mixed Economy United States is a mixed economy Also considered a market economy Government regulates the private sector in a variety of ways.
Описание слайда:
Mixed Economy United States is a mixed economy Also considered a market economy Government regulates the private sector in a variety of ways.

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Transitional Economy A transitional economy is in the process of shifting orientation from central planning to competitive markets. It involves converting state-owned enterprises into private enterprises—privatization. The transition now under way will shape economies for decades to come.
Описание слайда:
Transitional Economy A transitional economy is in the process of shifting orientation from central planning to competitive markets. It involves converting state-owned enterprises into private enterprises—privatization. The transition now under way will shape economies for decades to come.

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Traditional Economy A traditional economy is shaped largely by custom or religion. Family relations also play significant roles in economic activity.
Описание слайда:
Traditional Economy A traditional economy is shaped largely by custom or religion. Family relations also play significant roles in economic activity.

Слайд 15


Production Possibilities Frontier Describe the production possibilities frontier and explain its shape. Explain what causes the production possibilities frontier to shift.
Описание слайда:
Production Possibilities Frontier Describe the production possibilities frontier and explain its shape. Explain what causes the production possibilities frontier to shift.

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Production Possibilities Frontier production possibilities frontier (PPF) efficiency law of increasing opportunity cost economic growth
Описание слайда:
Production Possibilities Frontier production possibilities frontier (PPF) efficiency law of increasing opportunity cost economic growth

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Efficiency and Production Possibilities Frontier PPF model Shows possible combinations of 2 types of goods that can be produced when available resources are used fully and efficiently Figure 2.1 Inefficient and unattainable production Point I and U on the curve Shape of the PPF Any movement along PPF involves giving up something
Описание слайда:
Efficiency and Production Possibilities Frontier PPF model Shows possible combinations of 2 types of goods that can be produced when available resources are used fully and efficiently Figure 2.1 Inefficient and unattainable production Point I and U on the curve Shape of the PPF Any movement along PPF involves giving up something

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Production Possibilities Frontier – PPF Figure 2.1 A through F are attainable I represents inefficient use of resources U represents unattainable combinations
Описание слайда:
Production Possibilities Frontier – PPF Figure 2.1 A through F are attainable I represents inefficient use of resources U represents unattainable combinations

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Efficiency and Production Possibilities Frontier The resources in an economy are not all perfectly adaptable Law of increasing opportunity cost – each additional increment of one good requires the economy to give up larger increments of other good The PPF has a bowed-out shape due to the law of increasing opportunity cost
Описание слайда:
Efficiency and Production Possibilities Frontier The resources in an economy are not all perfectly adaptable Law of increasing opportunity cost – each additional increment of one good requires the economy to give up larger increments of other good The PPF has a bowed-out shape due to the law of increasing opportunity cost

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Shifts in the PPF Economic Growth – an expansion in the economies ability to produce Changes in resource availability Increase (more labor) – PPF shifts outward Decrease (less resources) – PPF shifts inward Increases in stock of capital goods Technological change
Описание слайда:
Shifts in the PPF Economic Growth – an expansion in the economies ability to produce Changes in resource availability Increase (more labor) – PPF shifts outward Decrease (less resources) – PPF shifts inward Increases in stock of capital goods Technological change

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Shifts in the PPF
Описание слайда:
Shifts in the PPF

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Comparative Advantage Explain the law of comparative advantage Understand the gains from specialization and exchange.
Описание слайда:
Comparative Advantage Explain the law of comparative advantage Understand the gains from specialization and exchange.

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Comparative Advantage absolute advantage law of comparative advantage specialization barter money division of labor
Описание слайда:
Comparative Advantage absolute advantage law of comparative advantage specialization barter money division of labor

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Comparative Advantage Absolute advantage – being able to do something using fewer resources than other producers require Law of comparative advantage – the worker with the lower opportunity cost of producing a particular output should specialize in that output
Описание слайда:
Comparative Advantage Absolute advantage – being able to do something using fewer resources than other producers require Law of comparative advantage – the worker with the lower opportunity cost of producing a particular output should specialize in that output

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Specialization Specialization – when individual workers focus on single tasks Gains from specialization More efficient and productive Absolute advantage focuses on who used the fewest resources, comparative advantage focuses on what else those resources could have produced Exchange Barter – system of exchange in which products are traded directly for other products Money – medium of exchange
Описание слайда:
Specialization Specialization – when individual workers focus on single tasks Gains from specialization More efficient and productive Absolute advantage focuses on who used the fewest resources, comparative advantage focuses on what else those resources could have produced Exchange Barter – system of exchange in which products are traded directly for other products Money – medium of exchange

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Specialization Most people consume little of what they produce and produce little of what they consume! Division of labor – sorts the production process into tasks to be carried out by separate workers Drawbacks of specialization (Figure 2.2)
Описание слайда:
Specialization Most people consume little of what they produce and produce little of what they consume! Division of labor – sorts the production process into tasks to be carried out by separate workers Drawbacks of specialization (Figure 2.2)

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Comparative Advantage and Specialization- Figure 2.2
Описание слайда:
Comparative Advantage and Specialization- Figure 2.2

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