🗊Презентация Смазочно-охлаждающие жидкости (СОЖ)

Назначение СОЖ Обеспечивать охлаждение, смазку и защиту инструмента и обрабатываемой поверхности

Ñèëüíûå ñòîðîíû Øåëë Ðàçâåòâëåííàÿ ñåòü äèñòðèáüþòîðîâ Îòëàæåíà ñõåìà ïîñòàâîê ÷åðåç ôèíñêèé ñêëàä Óíèâåðñàëüíûé ïîðòôåëü ïðîäóêòîâ

Ïðîöåññû îáðàáîòêè ìåòàëëîâ Îñíîâíûå ïðîöåññû Ðåçàíèå (îáðàçîâàíèå ñòðóæêè) ÎÌÄ Ýëåêòðîýðîçèîííàÿ îáðàáîòêà ìåòàëëîâ Çàùèòà îò êîððîçèè Çàêàëêà Î÷èñòêà

ÎÌÐ ÎÌÐ âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ:

Îáðàçîâàíèå ñòðóæêè Îáðàçîâàíèå ñòðóæêè - êàê ñäâèã êàðò â êîëîäå (òðåíèå ñêîëüæåíèÿ)  çàâèñèìîñòè îò ìàòåðèàëà è êà÷åñòâà ïîâåðõíîñòè èãðàþò ðîëü ïàðàìåòðû : ñêîðîñòü ðåçàíèÿ V ïîäà÷à èíñòðóìåíòà óãîë ðåçàíèÿ ãëóáèíà ðåçàíèÿ T

Îáðàçîâàíèå ñòðóæêè

Íàçíà÷åíèå ÑÎÆ Reduce friction and wear thus (See lubrication regimes): Improving tool life and surface finish Reducing forces and energy consumption Cool the cutting zone, thus reducing temperature and distortion. (See diagram for typical temperature distribution.) Wash away the chips from the cutting zone Protect the newly machined surfaces from corrosion

Íàçíà÷åíèå ÑÎÆ Lubrication Regimes

Íàçíà÷åíèå ÑÎÆ Action of Cutting Fluid Penetration of the fluid to the interface is difficult because of high pressures and relative sliding speed. Therefore for the cutting fluid should have appropriate molecular size, good wetting properties and the right viscosity.

Íàçíà÷åíèå ÑÎÆ Key Parameters Machining process: Work piece material: Tooling: Cutting conditions: Quality required:

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Ôðåçåðîâàíèå Among the most versatile machine tools because of the variety of cutting operations. Metal chips are removed by rotating a circular multi-point tool which brings teeth into the workpiece one at a time as the work feeds into the cutter. Two basic types of milling machine: Horizontal: cutter rotates on an horizontal arbor. Vertical: cutter rotates in a vertical plane located in the column spindle. Other types of milling machine are available for special purposes such as the planer miller for heavy duty operations.

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Ãëóáîêîå ñâåðëåíèå, Ñâåðëåíèå è êîëüöåâîå ñâåðëåíèå (1) Deep hole drilling: the production of holes in which the length is 5 x up to 100 x the diameter The major difficulty is in removing the metal chips from, and maintaining coolant supply to, the cutting zone Three different deep drilling systems are employed to overcome this problem: BTA system (Boring Trepanning Association) Ejector system Gun drilling

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Ãëóáîêîå ñâåðëåíèå, Ñâåðëåíèå è êîëüöåâîå ñâåðëåíèå (2) Boring: Used to enlarge a hole to an exact size using a single point tool In horizontal boring, self supporting and guided boring bars with an inserted tool are used Trepanning: similar to that of solid drilling except that a solid core of metal is produced Trepanning requires less power than solid drilling since less metal is removed in the process

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Çóá÷àòûå êîëåñà / ìåòîäû ðåçàíèÿ Several methods of gear making: Íàêàòêà: Favoured for high-volume production; continuous process where both workpiece (or blank) and the tool rotate and mesh as though it were an actual gear. Íàðåçàíèå: Often used for internal short gears. A rotary / reciprocating gear-shaped cutter is progressively fed into a rotating blank until the complete form of the gear is made. This is a non- continuous process exerting rapid intermittent tool load. Ôðåçåðîâàíèå: Employs a milling cutter shaped like the tooth form to be generated.

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Çóá÷àòûå êîëåñà / ìåòîäû ðåçàíèÿ Gear Shaving: Used as a finishing operation and used to improve surface finish and precision of gears formed by hobbing or shaping. Gear grinding: Used as a finishing operation. Two options: Continuous gear grinding: Tool with the opposite form of the gear Teeth flank grinding: Small, high speed and very precise tool moving in between gear teeth

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Ðàçâåðòêà The most severe of machining operations - Used to produce holes, grooves and slots in a variety of shapes and sizes. The broach is in effect a linear multi-tooth tool with spaced teeth which makes progressively deeper cuts. Broaching can machine complex shaped holes to precision limits in one pass Although the tool is expensive to manufacture, broaching can be a highly efficient process. Both horizontal and vertical broaching is possible.

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Øëèôîâàíèå The grinding process is usually employed to impart a high standard of finish and accuracy to a machined component. Typical grinding processes include: Surface grinding of flat surfaces - workpiece is clamped to a reciprocating, horizontal work table which is fed in small increments across the surface of the workpiece. Grinding wheel rotates at high speed and the wheel head remains stationary. Cylindrical Grinding - Workpiece slowly rotating and driven between centres. The wheel rotates at high speed and on an axis parallel to that of the workpiece. The table is traversed longitudinally along the length of the workpiece to be ground. Centreless Grinding - Similar to cylindrical grinding process, except the workpiece depends upon a regulating wheel running parallel to the grinding wheel for its location (see picture). Other, more complicated types: flute grinding, creep feed grinding, tool grinding, etc.

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Õîíèíãîâàíèå, Ñóïåðôèíèøèðîâàíèå, Äîâîäêà Honing: special type of grinding, combined linear and rotating movement resulting in well defined “grid-like” roughness. Also called cross-grinding. E.g. the inside of hydraulic cylinders. Super finishing: also called external honing. Small occilating movements of the tool. E.g. runway of ball bearings. Lapping: special type of grinding with mixture / paste of ceramic / diamond grains and oil. Polishing operation. E.g. Balls of ball bearing.

Ïðîöåññû ÎÌÐ Ïèëåíèå Very common Three options: Circular saw: very common Belt saw: faster but takes more space Occilating saw: creates high friction on tool, high temperature

Îïåðàöèè îáðàáîòêè ìåòàëëîâ Operation Most severe Internal Broaching, Surface or External broaching Sawing Tapping Gear Cutting and Gear Shaving Reaming, Deep Hole Drilling and Boring Multiple Spindle Automatic Work Milling and Form Turning Planing and Shaping Single Point Turning and Shallow Drilling Least severe

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ðåæ.èíñòðóìåíòà

Òåõíîëîãè÷íîñòü ìàòåðèàëîâ Material Brass Steel Titanium alloys Aluminium alloys Cast iron

Òåõíîëîãè÷íîñòü ìàòåðèàëîâ Magnesium alloys Brass (Cu/Zn alloy) Bronze (Cu/Sn alloy) Aluminium alloys Mild steel Low / medium carbon steel Wrought iron / cast iron alloys Stainless steel Nickel Nickel / cobalt alloy Titanium and titanium alloys

Ìàòåðèàë èíñòðóìåíòà vs. ñêîðîñòü ðåçàíèÿ (in metres/min) - Turning

SHELL Ïðîäóêòû Øåëë äëÿ ìåòàëëîîáðàáîòêè