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Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures ECE479 Structural Analysis II Text Book Structural Analysis by R. C. Hibbeler

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Lecture Outlines Idealized Structure Equations of Equilibrium Determinacy and Stability

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Intended Learning Outcomes By the end of today’s session student’s should be able to: Idealize a structure Determine Determinacy and Stability of structure

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Why Idealize Structure? Exact analysis --- Not possible Estimate Loading and its point of application Strength of the Materials

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Support Connections Types --- Usually Three Pin supported connection Roller supported connection Fixed supported connection

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Support Connections- Roller support Roller support - Deck of concrete bridge (One section considered roller supported on other section)

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Support Connections- Roller support Roller support - Used to supports prestressed girders of a highway bridge.

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Roller supported Concrete connection

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Support Connections – Pin support Pin support - Steel girder Railway bridge

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Support Connections – Fixed support

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Equations of Equilibrium For complete static equilibrium in 2D, three requirements must be met: 1. External Horizontal forces balance (translation). 2. External Vertical forces balance (translation). 3. External Moments balance about any point (rotational).

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Equations of Equilibrium For two-dimensional system of forces and moments, the equilibrium equations are: 1. Fx = 0 2. Fy = 0 3. z = 0

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Determinate vs Indeterminate Structure When all the forces in a structure can be determined from the equilibrium equations, the structure is referred to as statically determinate. When the unknown forces in a structure are more than the available equilibrium equations, that structure is known as statically indeterminate.

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Determinacy For a coplanar structure, there are at most three equilibrium equations for each part. If there is a total of n parts and r force and moment reaction components, we have r = 3n statically determinate r > 3n statically indeterminate

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Determinate vs Indeterminate Structure – Examples (Beams)

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Determinate vs Indeterminate Structure – Examples (Beams)

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Determinate vs Indeterminate – Examples (Pin-connected structures)

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Determinate vs Indeterminate – Examples (Pin-connected structures)

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Determinate vs Indeterminate Structure – Examples (Frame)

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Determinate vs Indeterminate Structure – Examples (Frame)

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Determinate vs Indeterminate Structure – Examples (Frame)

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Stability What conditions are necessary To ensure equilibrium of a structure? A structure will be unstable if there are fewer reactive forces than equations of equilibrium (Partial Constraints) or there are enough reactions and instability will occur if the lines of action of reactive forces intersect at a common point or are parallel to one another (Improper Constraints)

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Stability – Example – Partial Constraints

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Stability – Example – Improper Constraints

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Stability – Example – Improper Constraints

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Stability r < 3n unstable r ≥ 3n unstable if member reactions are concurrent or parallel or some of the components form a collapsible mechanism r --- Unknown reactions n--- Members Unstable structures Must be avoided in practice

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Stability – Examples

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Stability r < 3n unstable r ≥ 3n unstable if member reactions are concurrent or parallel or some of the components form a collapsible mechanism r --- Unknown reactions n--- Members

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Summary Now You should be able to: Idealize a structure Determine Determinacy and Stability of structure

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Assignment 1 Issue Date 16-1-2017 Submission Date 23-1-2017 Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate, or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy

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Assignment 1 Issue Date 23-1-2017 Submission Date 30-1-2017 Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate, or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy