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AXLES AND SHAFTS

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AXLES AND SHAFTS Links intended to carry rotating elements (pulleys, sprockets, pinions, gears, half-couplings, etc.) are called as axles or shafts.

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AXLES Axles are intended to support rotating parts that do not transmit torques and are subjected to bending only.

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SHAFTS Shafts are designed to carry links which transmit torques and experience both bending and torsion.

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CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS According to purpose Shafts of various drives (gear drives, belt drives, chain drives and so on); Main shafts of mechanisms and machines whose function is to carry not only drive elements but other elements that do not transmit torques such as rotors, fly-wheels, turbine disks, etc.

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CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 2. According to the shape Straight shafts; Cranked shafts; Flexible shafts.

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CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 3. According to the construction Shafts of constant cross section (without steps); Shafts of variable cross section (of stepped configuration); Shafts made solid with gears or worms.

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CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFTS 4. According to the shape of the cross section Shafts with solid circular cross section; Shafts with hollow circular cross section; Shafts with keyways; Shafts with splines; Shafts with rectangular cross section.

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SHAFTS Portion of the shaft which is in contact with a bearing is called journal. We will distinguish between end journal, neck journal and thrust journal.

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CALCULATION OF SHAFTS Strength; Rigidity; Oscillations.

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CALCULATION OF SHAFTS FOR STRENGTH Determination of the minimum diameter of the shaft; Designing the shaft construction; Strength analysis of the shaft.

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DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM DIAMETER OF THE SHAFT Minimum diameter of the shaft is determined taking into account torsion stresses only. In order to compensate neglect of bending stresses the allowable torsion stress is assumed as down rated ([=20…40 MPa).

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DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Input shaft

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SEALS Seals are divided into: Commercial seals (Lip-type seals); Labyrinth seals; Groove seals; Combined seals.

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DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Input bevel pinion shaft

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DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Intermediate shaft

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DESIGNING THE SHAFT CONSTRUCTION Output shaft

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SPUR GEAR Thickness of the rim δ = (3…4)·m; Thickness of the web C = (0.2…0.3)·bg; Diameter of the hub dhub=(1.5…1.7)·dshaft; Length of the hub lhub=(1.2…1.5)·dshaft; Diameter of the hole dhole=(D0-dhub)/4; Diameter of the hole centre line Dc=(D0+dhub)/4; ; Fillet radii R ≥ 6 mm; Angle γ ≥ 7º.

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WORM GEAR Thickness of the bronze ring δ1= 2·m; Thickness of the steel rim δ2= 2·m; Thickness of the web C = 0.2…0.3)·bg; Diameter of the hub dhub=(1.5…1.7)·dshaft; Length of the hub lhub=(1.2…1.5)·dshaft; Diameter of the screw ds=(1.2…1.4)·m; Length of the screw ls=(0.3…0.4)·bg; Diameter of the hole dhole=(D0-dhub)/4; Diameter of the hole centre line Dc=(D0+dhub)/4; Width and height of the collar h = 0.15·bg; t = 0.8·h ; Fillet radii R ≥ 6 mm Angle γ ≥ 7º.