🗊Презентация Bluetooth 101. Training for Plantronics

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Слайды и текст этой презентации


Слайд 1


Bluetooth 101. Training for Plantronics, слайд №1
Описание слайда:

Слайд 2


Bluetooth 101. Training for Plantronics, слайд №2
Описание слайда:

Слайд 3





Contact Info




Roger Garvert
Field Application Engineer
 
2445 Flambeau Drive
Naperville, IL  60564
Описание слайда:
Contact Info Roger Garvert Field Application Engineer   2445 Flambeau Drive Naperville, IL  60564

Слайд 4





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 5





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 6





What is Bluetooth?
Robust unlicensed short range wireless standard
It is an open and license free standard for anyone who signs up to be an adopter
The standard is presided over by the Special Interest Group (SIG)
Описание слайда:
What is Bluetooth? Robust unlicensed short range wireless standard It is an open and license free standard for anyone who signs up to be an adopter The standard is presided over by the Special Interest Group (SIG)

Слайд 7





What does Bluetooth provide?
Provides point-to-point connections
Provides ad-hoc networking capabilities
Bluetooth specification details how the technology works
Bluetooth Profiles detail how specific applications work to ensure interoperability
Описание слайда:
What does Bluetooth provide? Provides point-to-point connections Provides ad-hoc networking capabilities Bluetooth specification details how the technology works Bluetooth Profiles detail how specific applications work to ensure interoperability

Слайд 8





Point-to-point
Two devices locate each other
Form a connection and transfer data
“Wireless cable replacement” scenario
The device that initiates the connection is called the Master
Any other devices the Master is connected to are referred to as Slaves
Описание слайда:
Point-to-point Two devices locate each other Form a connection and transfer data “Wireless cable replacement” scenario The device that initiates the connection is called the Master Any other devices the Master is connected to are referred to as Slaves

Слайд 9





Point-to-multipoint – the Piconet
Two devices create a point-to-point connection
A third device comes into range
Описание слайда:
Point-to-multipoint – the Piconet Two devices create a point-to-point connection A third device comes into range

Слайд 10





Identifying Bluetooth Devices
Each Bluetooth device is assigned a unique 48-bit MAC address by the Bluetooth SIG
This is enough addresses for 281,474,976,710,656 Bluetooth units, this should last a few years even with the optimistic predictions of the analysts!
The address is split into three parts:
LAP: Lower Address Part - used to generate frequency hop pattern and header sync word
UAP: Upper Address Part - used to initialize the HEC and CRC engines
NAP: Non-significant Address Part - used to seed the encryption engine
Описание слайда:
Identifying Bluetooth Devices Each Bluetooth device is assigned a unique 48-bit MAC address by the Bluetooth SIG This is enough addresses for 281,474,976,710,656 Bluetooth units, this should last a few years even with the optimistic predictions of the analysts! The address is split into three parts: LAP: Lower Address Part - used to generate frequency hop pattern and header sync word UAP: Upper Address Part - used to initialize the HEC and CRC engines NAP: Non-significant Address Part - used to seed the encryption engine

Слайд 11





Bluetooth Channels
A master can create two types of logical channel with a slave device:
Asynchronous Connection Less (ACL): Packet Switched System provides a reliable data connection with a best effort bandwidth; depends on radio performance and number of devices in the piconet
Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO): Circuit Switched System provides real time unreliable connection with a guaranteed bandwidth; usually used for voice based applications
The Bluetooth connections are limited to 1Mbps across the air (without EDR)
This gives a theoretical maximum of ~723kbps of useable data
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth Channels A master can create two types of logical channel with a slave device: Asynchronous Connection Less (ACL): Packet Switched System provides a reliable data connection with a best effort bandwidth; depends on radio performance and number of devices in the piconet Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO): Circuit Switched System provides real time unreliable connection with a guaranteed bandwidth; usually used for voice based applications The Bluetooth connections are limited to 1Mbps across the air (without EDR) This gives a theoretical maximum of ~723kbps of useable data

Слайд 12





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 13





Spectrum Usage
The 2.4GHz ISM band is a free for all for anyone who wants to use it
Описание слайда:
Spectrum Usage The 2.4GHz ISM band is a free for all for anyone who wants to use it

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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum - FHSS
Bluetooth splits the spectrum up into 79 1MHz wide channels 
The Bluetooth radio changes transmission frequency 1600 times a second for a 1 slot packet type
The frequency hops follow a pseudo-random sequence that meets the power density requirements for the FCC and other regulatory bodies
Описание слайда:
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum - FHSS Bluetooth splits the spectrum up into 79 1MHz wide channels The Bluetooth radio changes transmission frequency 1600 times a second for a 1 slot packet type The frequency hops follow a pseudo-random sequence that meets the power density requirements for the FCC and other regulatory bodies

Слайд 15





Benefits of FHSS
Reliability - If a packet is not correctly received on one channel due to interference it is unlikely that there will be interference on the next channel used to re-transmit the data
Low Interference - Conversely, if Bluetooth is interfering with another system that uses a set of channels, Bluetooth will only use those channels a small proportion of the time
Security - Since the hop pattern is pseudo random it is very difficult for anyone to eavesdrop on the Bluetooth link
Описание слайда:
Benefits of FHSS Reliability - If a packet is not correctly received on one channel due to interference it is unlikely that there will be interference on the next channel used to re-transmit the data Low Interference - Conversely, if Bluetooth is interfering with another system that uses a set of channels, Bluetooth will only use those channels a small proportion of the time Security - Since the hop pattern is pseudo random it is very difficult for anyone to eavesdrop on the Bluetooth link

Слайд 16





Hop Selection and Synchronization
One frequency hop lasts 625µs, this increment is called a time slot
Each Bluetooth device has a clock circuit that counts frequency hops
The address of the master of the piconet is used to seed a frequency hop calculation algorithm
The phase of the hop sequence is defined by the Bluetooth clock of the master
Device address and clock phase information is exchanged during connection negotiation 
The slave synchronizes its own clock to the master’s during connection so that both devices change frequency at the same time
Описание слайда:
Hop Selection and Synchronization One frequency hop lasts 625µs, this increment is called a time slot Each Bluetooth device has a clock circuit that counts frequency hops The address of the master of the piconet is used to seed a frequency hop calculation algorithm The phase of the hop sequence is defined by the Bluetooth clock of the master Device address and clock phase information is exchanged during connection negotiation The slave synchronizes its own clock to the master’s during connection so that both devices change frequency at the same time

Слайд 17





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Introduced in Bluetooth v1.2
Bluetooth shares the 2.4GHz ISM band with:
802.11b/g Wi-Fi Systems
2.4GHz cordless phones
Microwave ovens
More devices = More interference.
802.11b/g does not work well with BT interferers.
AFH allows BT to avoid known ‘bad’ channels.
Increased bandwidth, reduced lost data.
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Introduced in Bluetooth v1.2 Bluetooth shares the 2.4GHz ISM band with: 802.11b/g Wi-Fi Systems 2.4GHz cordless phones Microwave ovens More devices = More interference. 802.11b/g does not work well with BT interferers. AFH allows BT to avoid known ‘bad’ channels. Increased bandwidth, reduced lost data.

Слайд 18





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Three steps
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Three steps

Слайд 19





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Three steps
Identify Bad Channels by monitoring RSSI, BER and/or PER
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Three steps Identify Bad Channels by monitoring RSSI, BER and/or PER

Слайд 20





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Three steps
Identify Bad Channels by monitoring RSSI, BER and/or PER
Receive reserved channel usage from host
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Three steps Identify Bad Channels by monitoring RSSI, BER and/or PER Receive reserved channel usage from host

Слайд 21





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Three steps
Identify Bad Channels by monitoring RSSI, BER and/or PER
Receive reserved channel usage from host
Agree with other devices on Bad Channels
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Three steps Identify Bad Channels by monitoring RSSI, BER and/or PER Receive reserved channel usage from host Agree with other devices on Bad Channels

Слайд 22





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Three steps
Identify Bad Channels, monitor RSSI, BER & PER
Receive reserved channel usage from host
Agree with other devices on Bad Channels
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Three steps Identify Bad Channels, monitor RSSI, BER & PER Receive reserved channel usage from host Agree with other devices on Bad Channels

Слайд 23





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Three steps
Identify Bad Channels, monitor RSSI, BER & PER
Receive reserved channel usage from host
Agree with other devices on Bad Channels 
Use alternative channels
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Three steps Identify Bad Channels, monitor RSSI, BER & PER Receive reserved channel usage from host Agree with other devices on Bad Channels Use alternative channels

Слайд 24





Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Benefits:
Fewer lost packets = better audio quality
Less degradation to Bluetooth and 802.11b/g networks
Greater bandwidth efficiency
Not backward compatible with v1.1 systems
Описание слайда:
Adaptive Frequency Hopping Benefits: Fewer lost packets = better audio quality Less degradation to Bluetooth and 802.11b/g networks Greater bandwidth efficiency Not backward compatible with v1.1 systems

Слайд 25





Modulation Scheme
During each hop, data is transmitted using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying, G-FSK.
FSK uses two different frequencies to transmit a binary ‘1’ or ‘0’
For Bluetooth the two frequencies are:
fc +  	for ‘1’
fc -  	for ‘0’	where fc = frequency of current hop and  = ~157kHz
Описание слайда:
Modulation Scheme During each hop, data is transmitted using Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying, G-FSK. FSK uses two different frequencies to transmit a binary ‘1’ or ‘0’ For Bluetooth the two frequencies are: fc +  for ‘1’ fc -  for ‘0’ where fc = frequency of current hop and  = ~157kHz

Слайд 26





Modulation Example
For channel 0 (Frequency 2.402GHz)
Описание слайда:
Modulation Example For channel 0 (Frequency 2.402GHz)

Слайд 27





EDR Modulation Schemes
π/4-DQPSK – 2Mbps
1MSps => 2Mbps
Описание слайда:
EDR Modulation Schemes π/4-DQPSK – 2Mbps 1MSps => 2Mbps

Слайд 28





EDR Packets
v1.2 Packets:
v2.0 EDR Packets:
Описание слайда:
EDR Packets v1.2 Packets: v2.0 EDR Packets:

Слайд 29





Transmission timing
A slave can only send data to the master after it has received a valid packet from the master
Masters transmit in even numbered slots and slaves respond in the next odd numbered slot
Single slot packets are less then 366µs long to allow the synthesizer to retune to the next frequency hop
Описание слайда:
Transmission timing A slave can only send data to the master after it has received a valid packet from the master Masters transmit in even numbered slots and slaves respond in the next odd numbered slot Single slot packets are less then 366µs long to allow the synthesizer to retune to the next frequency hop

Слайд 30





Multi-slot packets
To increase the throughput of the Bluetooth link longer packets are available. These result in less time spent re-tuning the synthesizer and therefore more time spent transferring data
1, 3 and 5 slot packets are available for use in a dynamic fashion
Описание слайда:
Multi-slot packets To increase the throughput of the Bluetooth link longer packets are available. These result in less time spent re-tuning the synthesizer and therefore more time spent transferring data 1, 3 and 5 slot packets are available for use in a dynamic fashion

Слайд 31





Packet Types
There are 14 basic rate packet types defined, split into 4 segments:
Common Packets (both ACL & SCO)
Single slot packets
ACL 3 slot packets
ACL 5 slot packets
Each packet type has a different level of error correction and protection and different size payloads
Описание слайда:
Packet Types There are 14 basic rate packet types defined, split into 4 segments: Common Packets (both ACL & SCO) Single slot packets ACL 3 slot packets ACL 5 slot packets Each packet type has a different level of error correction and protection and different size payloads

Слайд 32





Forward Error Correction
Bluetooth defines three levels of forward error correction
No Error Correction:
There is no error correction! 
Data is just put in the payload and sent
1/3 FEC:
Each bit is repeated 3 times
Majority voting decides bit value
2/3 FEC:
The data is encoded using a (15,10) shortened hamming code 
Every 10 bits of data are encoded into 15 bits of data
Can correct single bit errors and detect double bit errors
Описание слайда:
Forward Error Correction Bluetooth defines three levels of forward error correction No Error Correction: There is no error correction! Data is just put in the payload and sent 1/3 FEC: Each bit is repeated 3 times Majority voting decides bit value 2/3 FEC: The data is encoded using a (15,10) shortened hamming code Every 10 bits of data are encoded into 15 bits of data Can correct single bit errors and detect double bit errors

Слайд 33





Common Packet Types
Описание слайда:
Common Packet Types

Слайд 34





SCO Packets
Описание слайда:
SCO Packets

Слайд 35





ACL Packets
Описание слайда:
ACL Packets

Слайд 36





Mixing ACL and HV3 SCO packets
Описание слайда:
Mixing ACL and HV3 SCO packets

Слайд 37





Mixing ACL and HV2 SCO packets
Описание слайда:
Mixing ACL and HV2 SCO packets

Слайд 38





Mixing ACL and HV1 SCO Packets
Описание слайда:
Mixing ACL and HV1 SCO Packets

Слайд 39





Enhanced SCO (eSCO)
Bluetooth v1.1 SCO connections have serious impact on air interface usage.
Limited to 64kbps audio with CVSD encoding
CVSD highly susceptible to packet loss
No packet re-transmission
Bluetooth v1.2 added multi-slot SCO packet types 
allows variable data rates
Larger duty cycle allows additional connections, scans, etc
Also added CRC, FEC and data re-transmission
Описание слайда:
Enhanced SCO (eSCO) Bluetooth v1.1 SCO connections have serious impact on air interface usage. Limited to 64kbps audio with CVSD encoding CVSD highly susceptible to packet loss No packet re-transmission Bluetooth v1.2 added multi-slot SCO packet types allows variable data rates Larger duty cycle allows additional connections, scans, etc Also added CRC, FEC and data re-transmission

Слайд 40





Bluetooth 1.2 eSCO Packets
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth 1.2 eSCO Packets

Слайд 41





Enhanced SCO (eSCO)
Описание слайда:
Enhanced SCO (eSCO)

Слайд 42





Bluetooth 2.0 EDR ACL Packets
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth 2.0 EDR ACL Packets

Слайд 43





Bluetooth 2.0 EDR eSCO Packets
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth 2.0 EDR eSCO Packets

Слайд 44





Power Classes
Bluetooth defines 3 power classes for devices:
Class 1: 0dBm to +20dBm (1mW to 100mW)
Class 2: -6dBm to +4dBm (250µW to 2.5mW)
Class 3: <0dBm ( <1mW)
These power classes translate into approximate distances often used when discussing Bluetooth:
Class 1: 100 Meters
Class 2: 10 Meters
Class 3: <10 Meters
Описание слайда:
Power Classes Bluetooth defines 3 power classes for devices: Class 1: 0dBm to +20dBm (1mW to 100mW) Class 2: -6dBm to +4dBm (250µW to 2.5mW) Class 3: <0dBm ( <1mW) These power classes translate into approximate distances often used when discussing Bluetooth: Class 1: 100 Meters Class 2: 10 Meters Class 3: <10 Meters

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Discovering and Connecting to Other Devices
For a Bluetooth device to discover new devices that are in range it must perform an inquiry
A device that wants to be found by another device must be in inquiry scan mode
Once a device has been found it must be paged to initiate a connection
A device that wants to be connected to must be in Page Scan Mode.
A device that wants to connect to a particular device must be in Page Mode
Описание слайда:
Discovering and Connecting to Other Devices For a Bluetooth device to discover new devices that are in range it must perform an inquiry A device that wants to be found by another device must be in inquiry scan mode Once a device has been found it must be paged to initiate a connection A device that wants to be connected to must be in Page Scan Mode. A device that wants to connect to a particular device must be in Page Mode

Слайд 46





Discovering a Bluetooth Device
Описание слайда:
Discovering a Bluetooth Device

Слайд 47





Establishing a baseband connection
Описание слайда:
Establishing a baseband connection

Слайд 48





Secure Simple Pairing (SSP)
Feature of Bluetooth 2.1
Enables easier connectivity between devices and better use of security features
Описание слайда:
Secure Simple Pairing (SSP) Feature of Bluetooth 2.1 Enables easier connectivity between devices and better use of security features

Слайд 49





Input/Output Capabilities
Four I/O capabilities defined
Display Only
Display Yes/No
Keyboard  Only
No Input No Output
The I/O capabilities are used to determine which association model is used
Описание слайда:
Input/Output Capabilities Four I/O capabilities defined Display Only Display Yes/No Keyboard Only No Input No Output The I/O capabilities are used to determine which association model is used

Слайд 50





“Just Works”
User chooses to “add a device”
Описание слайда:
“Just Works” User chooses to “add a device”

Слайд 51





“Just Works”
Описание слайда:
“Just Works”

Слайд 52





Numeric Comparison
Step 1 – User enables technology on PC and activates connection from phone
Step 2 – User selects “ADD”
Step 3 – Phone displays ‘laptop’ and asks user if he/she wishes to connect
Step 4 – Phone displays 6-digit number and asks user to confirm
Same for mobile phone to car kit and mobile to stereo headset
Описание слайда:
Numeric Comparison Step 1 – User enables technology on PC and activates connection from phone Step 2 – User selects “ADD” Step 3 – Phone displays ‘laptop’ and asks user if he/she wishes to connect Step 4 – Phone displays 6-digit number and asks user to confirm Same for mobile phone to car kit and mobile to stereo headset

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Passkey Entry
Step 1 – User powers on keyboard and activates connection from phone
Step 2 – User selects “ADD” on the phone
Step 3 – Phone displays ‘keyboard’
Step 4 – User is asked to enter 6-digit number on the keyboard and press “Enter”
Описание слайда:
Passkey Entry Step 1 – User powers on keyboard and activates connection from phone Step 2 – User selects “ADD” on the phone Step 3 – Phone displays ‘keyboard’ Step 4 – User is asked to enter 6-digit number on the keyboard and press “Enter”

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Extended Inquiry Response
Feature of Bluetooth 2.1
Problem:
Takes a long time to find devices, work out what they are called, and what you can do with them…
Solution:
Include information in the inquiry response
Name of Device
Profiles supported
Etc.
Side effects
Task oriented actions quicker as devices can get filtered quickly
Can transmit other information: time, location, etc.
Описание слайда:
Extended Inquiry Response Feature of Bluetooth 2.1 Problem: Takes a long time to find devices, work out what they are called, and what you can do with them… Solution: Include information in the inquiry response Name of Device Profiles supported Etc. Side effects Task oriented actions quicker as devices can get filtered quickly Can transmit other information: time, location, etc.

Слайд 55





Low Power Modes
To help reduce power consumption, there are three Bluetooth low power modes
Sniff Mode (The most used) 
Hold Mode
Park Mode
Slaves can request to be placed in any of these modes
Masters can ask a slave to enter one of these modes
Masters can also force a slave into one of these modes if it has previously accepted the mode
Описание слайда:
Low Power Modes To help reduce power consumption, there are three Bluetooth low power modes Sniff Mode (The most used) Hold Mode Park Mode Slaves can request to be placed in any of these modes Masters can ask a slave to enter one of these modes Masters can also force a slave into one of these modes if it has previously accepted the mode

Слайд 56





Sniff Subrating
Feature of Bluetooth 2.1
Problem:
HID devices want low power and low latency
Solution:
Laptop transmits packets at required latency to mouse to give low latency
Mouse ignores laptop most of the time
Side effects
Better scatternet support
Mouse has 2-3 times better battery life
Keyboard has 10x better battery life
Описание слайда:
Sniff Subrating Feature of Bluetooth 2.1 Problem: HID devices want low power and low latency Solution: Laptop transmits packets at required latency to mouse to give low latency Mouse ignores laptop most of the time Side effects Better scatternet support Mouse has 2-3 times better battery life Keyboard has 10x better battery life

Слайд 57





Sniff Mode
Devices agree upon a time delay during which no communication will occur
During the silent periods the slave can sleep or perform other functions
After the silent period the slave wakes up and ‘sniffs’ for a number of slots for its AM_ADR. If there is no data it goes back to sleep
Any active SCO connections between the devices must still be supported
Difference between sniff and hold mode:
Hold mode is a one shot deal during which no communication occurs
Sniff mode defines a repeating period during which no communication occurs
Описание слайда:
Sniff Mode Devices agree upon a time delay during which no communication will occur During the silent periods the slave can sleep or perform other functions After the silent period the slave wakes up and ‘sniffs’ for a number of slots for its AM_ADR. If there is no data it goes back to sleep Any active SCO connections between the devices must still be supported Difference between sniff and hold mode: Hold mode is a one shot deal during which no communication occurs Sniff mode defines a repeating period during which no communication occurs

Слайд 58





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 59





Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth stack is loosely based around the OSI model
HCI layer is not a real layer, it is a hardware interface
Audio data bypasses the upper layers and is sent straight to the application
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth stack is loosely based around the OSI model HCI layer is not a real layer, it is a hardware interface Audio data bypasses the upper layers and is sent straight to the application

Слайд 60





The Link Manager (LM)
Описание слайда:
The Link Manager (LM)

Слайд 61





The Link Manager (LM)
Manages link set-up
Manages security
Manages piconet connections
Provides test modes for simplified testing
Link manager messages have higher priority than user data
LMP messages are not specifically acknowledged
LM assumes LC provides error free link
But, LC cannot supply 100% error free link!
Описание слайда:
The Link Manager (LM) Manages link set-up Manages security Manages piconet connections Provides test modes for simplified testing Link manager messages have higher priority than user data LMP messages are not specifically acknowledged LM assumes LC provides error free link But, LC cannot supply 100% error free link!

Слайд 62





The Link Manager (LM) cont
Link Set-up Procedures:
Processes results of Inquiry and Page
“Non-connection” oriented commands
Device Name, Class of Device, etc.

Security Procedures:
Authentication, Authorization, Encryption
Safer+ algorithm up to 128-bit encryption key
Remember there are regional encryption laws to abide by!
Pairing and Bonding
Описание слайда:
The Link Manager (LM) cont Link Set-up Procedures: Processes results of Inquiry and Page “Non-connection” oriented commands Device Name, Class of Device, etc. Security Procedures: Authentication, Authorization, Encryption Safer+ algorithm up to 128-bit encryption key Remember there are regional encryption laws to abide by! Pairing and Bonding

Слайд 63





The Link Manager (LM) cont.
Piconet Connection Management:
Packet type adjustment based on channel quality
Switch between 1,3 and 5 slot packets
Master-Slave role switching
Low Power Modes
Sniff, Park and Hold
Quality of Service contracts
Transmit power control
Описание слайда:
The Link Manager (LM) cont. Piconet Connection Management: Packet type adjustment based on channel quality Switch between 1,3 and 5 slot packets Master-Slave role switching Low Power Modes Sniff, Park and Hold Quality of Service contracts Transmit power control

Слайд 64





The Host Controller Interface (HCI)
Описание слайда:
The Host Controller Interface (HCI)

Слайд 65





Host Controller Interface (HCI)
The HCI interface defines a physical connection between a host (e.g. PC) and a host controller (e.g. Bluetooth module)
The specification defines three interfaces:
USB v1.1
RS-232
UART
It also defines messages that are passed across the HCI interface
Описание слайда:
Host Controller Interface (HCI) The HCI interface defines a physical connection between a host (e.g. PC) and a host controller (e.g. Bluetooth module) The specification defines three interfaces: USB v1.1 RS-232 UART It also defines messages that are passed across the HCI interface

Слайд 66





HCI - Not really a layer!
Описание слайда:
HCI - Not really a layer!

Слайд 67





HCI cont.
Independent of hardware implementation
Standard interface to Link Manager and Link Controller
HCI Command groups:
Link Control (Inquiry, Paging, Encryption, etc.)
Link Policy (Hold, Sniff, Park, QoS)
Host Controller and Baseband Commands (PINs, event masks, timeouts, etc.)
Informational Parameters (Device address, country code, buffers)
Status (Link Quality, RSSI, Failed connections)
Testing (Test mode commands)
Vendor specific commands
Описание слайда:
HCI cont. Independent of hardware implementation Standard interface to Link Manager and Link Controller HCI Command groups: Link Control (Inquiry, Paging, Encryption, etc.) Link Policy (Hold, Sniff, Park, QoS) Host Controller and Baseband Commands (PINs, event masks, timeouts, etc.) Informational Parameters (Device address, country code, buffers) Status (Link Quality, RSSI, Failed connections) Testing (Test mode commands) Vendor specific commands

Слайд 68





Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
Описание слайда:
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)

Слайд 69





Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
Logical Link Control
Multiplexing: many logical links onto one physical link
Adaptation
Segmentation & reassembly: adapts large packets to baseband size
Protocol
A well defined set of signaling rules understood by all devices
Описание слайда:
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) Logical Link Control Multiplexing: many logical links onto one physical link Adaptation Segmentation & reassembly: adapts large packets to baseband size Protocol A well defined set of signaling rules understood by all devices

Слайд 70





L2CAP Multiplexing
L2CAP adds a Destination Channel ID to every packet
The DCID is used to identify and direct packets to the appropriate handler
Описание слайда:
L2CAP Multiplexing L2CAP adds a Destination Channel ID to every packet The DCID is used to identify and direct packets to the appropriate handler

Слайд 71





L2CAP Segmentation and Reassembly
Описание слайда:
L2CAP Segmentation and Reassembly

Слайд 72





L2CAP Quality of Service
No Traffic
This level indicates that no traffic will be sent out.  Traffic will be incoming only
Best Effort
Default level of service for all links
All values included in the QoS request should be viewed as hints and may be entirely ignored
Guaranteed
Remote device will attempt to honor the service level
Cannot overcome radio level interference
Not likely to be able to be maintained under poor radio conditions.
Best level of QoS for adding multiple connections
Описание слайда:
L2CAP Quality of Service No Traffic This level indicates that no traffic will be sent out. Traffic will be incoming only Best Effort Default level of service for all links All values included in the QoS request should be viewed as hints and may be entirely ignored Guaranteed Remote device will attempt to honor the service level Cannot overcome radio level interference Not likely to be able to be maintained under poor radio conditions. Best level of QoS for adding multiple connections

Слайд 73





Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
Описание слайда:
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)

Слайд 74





Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
SDP servers maintain a database on services offered
Made up of service records.
Servers maintain their own database, there is no central registry.
SDP allows clients to search for services.
based on attributes and service classes.
SDP uses connections set up via the usual Inquiry and Paging operations.
Описание слайда:
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) SDP servers maintain a database on services offered Made up of service records. Servers maintain their own database, there is no central registry. SDP allows clients to search for services. based on attributes and service classes. SDP uses connections set up via the usual Inquiry and Paging operations.

Слайд 75





SDP Example
Описание слайда:
SDP Example

Слайд 76





RFCOMM
Описание слайда:
RFCOMM

Слайд 77





RFCOMM
Serial cable replacement
Up to 60 emulated serial port connections per RFCOMM session
Depending on implementation, multiple RFCOMM sessions are possible
Large base of legacy applications using serial communications
Uses GSM TS 07.10 standard
Credit Based Flow Control
Negotiated credit tokens determine data flow
RS-232 control signal emulation
RS-232 flow control emulation
Software (Xon/Xoff)
Hardware (CTS/RTS)
Описание слайда:
RFCOMM Serial cable replacement Up to 60 emulated serial port connections per RFCOMM session Depending on implementation, multiple RFCOMM sessions are possible Large base of legacy applications using serial communications Uses GSM TS 07.10 standard Credit Based Flow Control Negotiated credit tokens determine data flow RS-232 control signal emulation RS-232 flow control emulation Software (Xon/Xoff) Hardware (CTS/RTS)

Слайд 78





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 79





Bluetooth Profiles
Basic set of standards for common usage models.
Reduces set of requirements for each usage model.
Ensures interoperability
Radio Level – ensures devices can contact each other.
Protocol Level – ensures devices can communicate.
User/usage Level:
Ensures application can interoperate.
Ensures user can interact with the device.
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth Profiles Basic set of standards for common usage models. Reduces set of requirements for each usage model. Ensures interoperability Radio Level – ensures devices can contact each other. Protocol Level – ensures devices can communicate. User/usage Level: Ensures application can interoperate. Ensures user can interact with the device.

Слайд 80





Bluetooth foundation profiles
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth foundation profiles

Слайд 81





Generic Access Profile
Описание слайда:
Generic Access Profile

Слайд 82





Profile building blocks
Описание слайда:
Profile building blocks

Слайд 83





Serial Port Profiles
Описание слайда:
Serial Port Profiles

Слайд 84





Profile Building blocks
Описание слайда:
Profile Building blocks

Слайд 85





OBEX Profiles
File Transfer
Object Push
Synchronisation
Описание слайда:
OBEX Profiles File Transfer Object Push Synchronisation

Слайд 86





Profiles
A2DP- Advanced Audio Distribution Profile
AVRCP - A/V Remote Control Profile
BIP - Basic Imaging Profile
BPP - Basic Printing Profile
CTP - Cordless Telephony Profile
DID - Device ID Profile
DUN - Dial-Up Networking Profile
FAX - Fax Profile
FTP - File Transfer Profile
GAVDP - Generic A/V Distribution Profile
GOEP - Generic Object Exchange Profile
HCRP - Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile
HDP - Health Device Profile
Описание слайда:
Profiles A2DP- Advanced Audio Distribution Profile AVRCP - A/V Remote Control Profile BIP - Basic Imaging Profile BPP - Basic Printing Profile CTP - Cordless Telephony Profile DID - Device ID Profile DUN - Dial-Up Networking Profile FAX - Fax Profile FTP - File Transfer Profile GAVDP - Generic A/V Distribution Profile GOEP - Generic Object Exchange Profile HCRP - Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile HDP - Health Device Profile

Слайд 87





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 88





HFP Profile Dependency
Описание слайда:
HFP Profile Dependency

Слайд 89





Configuration and Roles
Audio Gateway (AG)
gateway for the audio input/output
typically a cell phone
Hands-Free Unit (HF)
AG’s remote audio input/output
means of remote control
Описание слайда:
Configuration and Roles Audio Gateway (AG) gateway for the audio input/output typically a cell phone Hands-Free Unit (HF) AG’s remote audio input/output means of remote control

Слайд 90





Feature Requirements
Must support CVSD
Only one audio connection per service level connection (SLC)
Can have an SLC without an audio connection
Must have an SLC with an audio connection
Описание слайда:
Feature Requirements Must support CVSD Only one audio connection per service level connection (SLC) Can have an SLC without an audio connection Must have an SLC with an audio connection

Слайд 91





Establishing a Service Level Connection
Описание слайда:
Establishing a Service Level Connection

Слайд 92





Transferring Status Information
Описание слайда:
Transferring Status Information

Слайд 93





Answering a call - in-band ring tone
Описание слайда:
Answering a call - in-band ring tone

Слайд 94





Answer/end call – no in-band ring tone
Описание слайда:
Answer/end call – no in-band ring tone

Слайд 95





Three-way call – hold active/accept waiting
Описание слайда:
Three-way call – hold active/accept waiting

Слайд 96





Call Control
Audio connection setup
Audio connection release
Answer incoming call from AG
Change in-band ring tone setting
Reject incoming call from HF
Reject incoming call from AG
Audio connection transfer toward HF
Audio connection transfer toward AG
Place call with phone number supplied by HF
Описание слайда:
Call Control Audio connection setup Audio connection release Answer incoming call from AG Change in-band ring tone setting Reject incoming call from HF Reject incoming call from AG Audio connection transfer toward HF Audio connection transfer toward AG Place call with phone number supplied by HF

Слайд 97





Common AT Command and Result Codes
Описание слайда:
Common AT Command and Result Codes

Слайд 98





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 99





A2DP Profile Dependency
Описание слайда:
A2DP Profile Dependency

Слайд 100





Configuration and Roles
Source (SRC)
Source of digital audio stream that is delivered to the sink of the piconet
Media player, phone, PC
Sink (SNK)
Acts as a sink of the digital audio stream that is delivered by the source
Stereo headset, wireless speakers, car audio system
Описание слайда:
Configuration and Roles Source (SRC) Source of digital audio stream that is delivered to the sink of the piconet Media player, phone, PC Sink (SNK) Acts as a sink of the digital audio stream that is delivered by the source Stereo headset, wireless speakers, car audio system

Слайд 101





Audio Codec Interoperability Requirements
Must support SBC
Optional support for MP3, AAC, ATRAC
Support can be extended to non-A2DP codecs
Описание слайда:
Audio Codec Interoperability Requirements Must support SBC Optional support for MP3, AAC, ATRAC Support can be extended to non-A2DP codecs

Слайд 102





Codec Specific Information Elements
AVDTP signaling procedure negotiates codec parameters
Parameters part of Codec Specific Information Elements
Sampling frequencies
Channel modes (mono, dual channel, stereo, joint stereo)
Bit rates
Other information specific to selected codecs
Описание слайда:
Codec Specific Information Elements AVDTP signaling procedure negotiates codec parameters Parameters part of Codec Specific Information Elements Sampling frequencies Channel modes (mono, dual channel, stereo, joint stereo) Bit rates Other information specific to selected codecs

Слайд 103





AVDTP Signaling Procedures
Описание слайда:
AVDTP Signaling Procedures

Слайд 104





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 105





AVRCP Profile Dependency
Описание слайда:
AVRCP Profile Dependency

Слайд 106





Configuration and Roles
Controller (CT)
Initiates transaction by sending command to target
Headsets, remote controls
Target (TG)
Receives command and generates a response frame
Media player, TV, tuner
Описание слайда:
Configuration and Roles Controller (CT) Initiates transaction by sending command to target Headsets, remote controls Target (TG) Receives command and generates a response frame Media player, TV, tuner

Слайд 107





Feature Requirements
Описание слайда:
Feature Requirements

Слайд 108





Procedure of AV/C Command
Описание слайда:
Procedure of AV/C Command

Слайд 109





AV/C Command Types
UNIT INFO
1394 Trade Association AV/C Digital Interface Command Set
SUBUNIT INFO
1394 Trade Association AV/C Digital Interface Command Set
VENDOR DEPENDENT
Allows own set of AV/C commands
PASS THROUGH
Used to transfer user operation information from CT to Panel subunit of TG
Описание слайда:
AV/C Command Types UNIT INFO 1394 Trade Association AV/C Digital Interface Command Set SUBUNIT INFO 1394 Trade Association AV/C Digital Interface Command Set VENDOR DEPENDENT Allows own set of AV/C commands PASS THROUGH Used to transfer user operation information from CT to Panel subunit of TG

Слайд 110





A/V Categories
A/V categories specified to ensure interoperability
Four Categories
Player/Recorder
Monitor/Amplifier
Tuner
Menu
Each category has operations which are:
Mandatory for the TG
Optional
Not supported
It is mandatory for CT to support 
At least one category
At least one operation
Описание слайда:
A/V Categories A/V categories specified to ensure interoperability Four Categories Player/Recorder Monitor/Amplifier Tuner Menu Each category has operations which are: Mandatory for the TG Optional Not supported It is mandatory for CT to support At least one category At least one operation

Слайд 111





Supported Operations in TG
Описание слайда:
Supported Operations in TG

Слайд 112





Newer AVRCP Versions
AVRCP 1.3 - adds support for metadata
Query capabilities
Query application settings
Attributes for currently selected media track
Event notifications
Continuation (i.e. segmentation/re-assembly)
Group navigation
AVRCP 1.4
Media player selection
Browsing
Searching
Advanced volume control
Описание слайда:
Newer AVRCP Versions AVRCP 1.3 - adds support for metadata Query capabilities Query application settings Attributes for currently selected media track Event notifications Continuation (i.e. segmentation/re-assembly) Group navigation AVRCP 1.4 Media player selection Browsing Searching Advanced volume control

Слайд 113





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 114





PBAP Profile Dependencies
Описание слайда:
PBAP Profile Dependencies

Слайд 115





PBAP Overview
Client-server interaction model
Tailored for hands-free usage case
Read only – cannot alter content
More feature-rich than OPP
Описание слайда:
PBAP Overview Client-server interaction model Tailored for hands-free usage case Read only – cannot alter content More feature-rich than OPP

Слайд 116





Configuration and Roles
Phone book Server Equipment (PSE)
Contains source phonebook objects
Phone
Phone book client equipment (PCE)
Retrieves phone book objects from server
Accessory in automobile, car kit, headset
Описание слайда:
Configuration and Roles Phone book Server Equipment (PSE) Contains source phonebook objects Phone Phone book client equipment (PCE) Retrieves phone book objects from server Accessory in automobile, car kit, headset

Слайд 117





Phone Book Objects and Representations
Based upon IR Mobile Communications specification
Five types of phone book objects
Main phone book – entries are vCard 2.1 or 3.0 in  XML format
Incoming call history
Outgoing call history
Missed call history
Combined call history
Object representations
File representation
Folder representation
Описание слайда:
Phone Book Objects and Representations Based upon IR Mobile Communications specification Five types of phone book objects Main phone book – entries are vCard 2.1 or 3.0 in XML format Incoming call history Outgoing call history Missed call history Combined call history Object representations File representation Folder representation

Слайд 118





PBAP Features and Functions
Описание слайда:
PBAP Features and Functions

Слайд 119





Phone Book Download Sequence Example
Описание слайда:
Phone Book Download Sequence Example

Слайд 120





Phone Book Browsing Sequence Example
Описание слайда:
Phone Book Browsing Sequence Example

Слайд 121





Agenda
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Profiles
HFP
A2DP
AVRCP
PBAP
New Bluetooth Standards
Описание слайда:
Agenda Bluetooth Overview Bluetooth Air Interface & Baseband Bluetooth Protocol Stack Bluetooth Profiles HFP A2DP AVRCP PBAP New Bluetooth Standards

Слайд 122





Bluetooth 3.0+HS
Alternate MAC/PHY (AMP)
Enables high speed using other radio technologies (e.g. 802.11)
Bluetooth Basic Rate acts as control channel
Can use 802.11 as high speed bearer channel when needed
Enhanced Power Control
Faster and more responsive power control
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth 3.0+HS Alternate MAC/PHY (AMP) Enables high speed using other radio technologies (e.g. 802.11) Bluetooth Basic Rate acts as control channel Can use 802.11 as high speed bearer channel when needed Enhanced Power Control Faster and more responsive power control

Слайд 123





Bluetooth 4.0 (BTle)
Used to transfer simple data sets between compact devices
Opens up whole new classes of Bluetooth applications
watches, sneakers, TV remote controls, medical sensors, etc.
Takes less time to make a connection than conventional Bluetooth. 
Consumes approximately 98% less power than Bluetooth Basic Rate
Описание слайда:
Bluetooth 4.0 (BTle) Used to transfer simple data sets between compact devices Opens up whole new classes of Bluetooth applications watches, sneakers, TV remote controls, medical sensors, etc. Takes less time to make a connection than conventional Bluetooth. Consumes approximately 98% less power than Bluetooth Basic Rate

Слайд 124





Why is Bluetooth low energy low power?
Bluetooth
Listens frequently
Listens for a longer time
On 1%
Bluetooth low energy
Transmits quickly
Listens quickly
Turned off 99.9% of the time
Описание слайда:
Why is Bluetooth low energy low power? Bluetooth Listens frequently Listens for a longer time On 1% Bluetooth low energy Transmits quickly Listens quickly Turned off 99.9% of the time

Слайд 125





Why is Bluetooth low energy low power?
Описание слайда:
Why is Bluetooth low energy low power?

Слайд 126


Bluetooth 101. Training for Plantronics, слайд №126
Описание слайда:



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