🗊Презентация Collection and transport

Lecture 2: Collection and transport

Practises in Household Waste Collection Waste collection is organised by: Waste producer or property holder (Finnish Waste Act, Section 7) Garden waste, food waste and toilet waste can be composted on the property rules how to do it Information to be given to the authority Waste transport Waste holder shall take care that transport is organised (WA, section 8) Waste transporter has to take the waste to a facility specified by waste holder or authority (WA, section 9) Municipality is responsible for organising waste transport (WA, section 10) for all household wastes including septic tank and cesspit sludges for enterprise wastes comparable to household wastes, if situated on a housing property for public operators Transport organised by municipality itself, or using services of a company Waste transport scheme = systems and activities organised by a municipality for waste transport. Waste holder shall subscribe to waste transport scheme.

Waste Act Municipal waste management regulations (WA, section 17) Municipalities can issue local general regulations on more detailed implementation of the provisions of Ch.3 in WA and of Government general regulations issued under them. Regulations may concern: 1) waste collection, sorting, storage, transport, dealing, recovery or disposal and the technical requirements for them 2) measures required to prevent hazard or harm to health or the environment 3) supervision of waste management. Goverment can issue general regulations concerning waste management implementation (WA section 18)

Municipal waste management in Mikkeli (example) Mikkeli and neighbouring municipalities founded a company (Metsä-Sairila) to organise waste management Metsä-Sairila is responsible for all tasks of municipalities in waste management excluding Authority tasks like acceptance of local regulations and charges (payments) Authority decisions Responsibilities of Metsä-Sairila Recycling Hazardous wastes Composting of separately collected bio waste and sludge Planning, developing, coordination and information Also treatment facilities; enlargement ; after care of landfill site.

How waste management is implemented Waste transport schemes for household wastes and similar other wastes: In densely populated area: Property owner makes an agreement with waste transporter (contractual waste transport scheme) Sparsely populated area: Subscribing to waste transport scheme (announcement to Metsä-Sairila) Possibilities Waste collection sites. About 60 in the region. Annual charges. Collection at the property Agreement with a waste transporter Forbidden to use of collection sites Two or more properties may combine their efforts and share a waste bin

Waste collection Requirements for waste bins: Durable (weather and damage) Closed, sealed (rats, birds) Large enough Easy to empty Low noice when emptying Classification of bins Single use bags / reusable bins Surface waste bins / deep collection bins Waste bins (120 – 750 litres) Waste containers (4 - 12 m3) Stationary Hauled Hauled dumpsters (5 - 35 m3)

Household waste collection Private household Biowaste has to be collected separately or composted at home. Typical private household system includes at least bin for mixed waste bin for biowaste Other, recyclable waste is taken to collection sites.

Housing company waste Mixed waste large bins to be emptied To reduce the volume of waste Compresser or baler Also large containers used as storage for waste Truck haules the container to waste station to be emptyed Requires plenty of space to haul the container on the truck If more than 5 apartments: separate collection of also paper and and cardboard If more than 18 apartments: waste bins in addition for glas, metal and liquid carton Color symbols Green paper Grey  mixed waste Brown  biowaste Yellow: liquid cartons

Public waste collection sites Waste collection at public sites is done at places, where Amount of waste is high Emptying is done seldom Necessary to Have large bins Moderate temperatures around the year Odor has to be prevented Typical places eg. Remote places Recreation areas Parking/resting areas Public buildings (schools…)

Public waste collection sites Modern solution is often deep collection bins (MOLOK) Most of the structure is hidden in the ground The wastes are in a bag that is lifted up and emptied into a truck Benefits Small space demand Emptying is easy less space demanding Possible even by boat Hygienic for biowaste – temperature stays low even in summer Quite fire safe

Logistics in waste transport

Waste collection trucks for option C

Logistics and transport routes

Cost of waste collection and transport The cost in € is affected by Amount of waste generated Size of the bin  how often it has to be emptied (notice regulations!) Price per emptying Price for transport Original investment LCA, Life Cycle Analysis  The environmental ”cost” Emissions during the collection Emissions during the transport Total LCA of waste management should include also emissions from eg. landfill or composting