🗊Презентация Economy of the United Kingdom

ECONOMY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

Basic data: The national economy of The United Kingdom is: the 6th largest in the world* The 3rd largest in Europe* The UK's GDP per capita ($36,941; Poland=$21,310) is the 22nd-highest in the world In 2012, the UK was the 11th-largest exporter in the world and the 6th-largest importer * measured by nominal GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

Basic data: GDP growth = 2.6% (2014-2015) (Poland=3.4%) GDP by sector Agriculture: 0.7% Industry: 21.1% Services: 78.2% Inflation = 0.1% (Poland=0.7%) Unemployment = 5.5% (Poland=10.6%) Average gross salary £2.480 / €3.373 / $3.814 monthly (2014) – (Poland= 976 € / 1.320 $ in 2014)

Basic data: Main export partners Germany 11.5%, United States 10.6%, Netherlands 8.9%, France 7.4%, Republic of Ireland 6.0%, Belgium 5.1% (2012)

Basic data: Taxation in the UK involves payments to at least two different levels of government: local government and central government (HM Revenue & Customs). Local government is financed by grants from central government funds, business rates, council tax and from fees and charges such as those from on-street parking. Central government revenues are mainly income tax, national insurance contributions, value added tax, corporation tax and fuel duty.

Economic history In the 18th century the UK was the first country to industrialise during the 19th century had a dominant role in the global economy From the late-19th century the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States and Germany challenged the economic position of the UK the First World War and Second World War contributed to the weakening

Economic history After the Second World War, the UK enjoyed a long period without a major recession (from 1945 to 1973) and a rapid growth in prosperity in the 1950s and 1960s following the 1973 oil crisis and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, the British economy fell into recession A period of neo-liberal economics began in 1979 with the election of Margaret Thatcher as the Prime Minister During the 1980s most state-owned enterprises were privatised, taxes cut, trade union reforms passed and markets deregulated. GDP initially fell but a growth followed (to reach its peak in 1988) Thatcher’s battle against inflation resulted in a major increase in unemployment from 1.5 million in 1979 to over 3 million in 1982, and 3.3 million in 1984.

Economic history the British economy experienced another recession in late 1990, the subsequent economic recovery was extremely strong (with a fall in unemployment) During Tony Blair's 10 years in office the UK experienced economic growth, lasting until the second quarter of 2008 This period of growth ended in 2008 when the United Kingdom entered a recession caused by the global financial crisis In 2013 the UK’s economy has grown by 0,8%, which means it experiences a slow recovery

Main sectors The UK is rich in a number of natural resources including coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, etc. AGRICULTURE: Produces about 60% of food needs Around two-thirds of the production is devoted to livestock, one-third to arable crops Products: cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish INDUSTRY: aerospace industry (BAE Systems, Britten-Norman, Cobham, GKN, Rolls-Royce) pharmaceutical industry (GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca) automotive industry (Aston Martin, Bentley, Jaguar, Lagonda, Land Rover, Lotus, McLaren, MG, Mini, Morgan and Rolls-Royce) North Sea oil and gas production

Main sectors SERVICES Financial and business services (Barclays Bank, HSBC, Lloyd's) Education, health and social work Hotels and restaurants/Tourism Public administration and defence Real estate and renting activities (British Land, The Peel Group) Transport, storage and communication (British Airways, O2, Vodafone) Wholesale and retail trade (The Co-operative Food, Morrisons, Sainsbury's and Tesco)

THE CITY THE CITY OF LONDON is a district of London, widely referred to as the City or the Square Mile as it is 1.12 sq mi in area. These terms are also often used as symbols for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being largely based in the City. Another major financial district in London is located at CANARY WHARF The London Stock Exchange (shares and bonds), Lloyd's of London (insurance) and the Bank of England are all based in the City. Many major global companies have their headquarters in the City, including Aviva, BT Group, Lloyds Banking Group, Old Mutual, Prudential, Standard Chartered, Unilever, and Ernst and Young.

Employment: White-collar workers vs. Blue-collar workers Salary (monthly) vs. Wage (weekly) Working day – „9 to 5” Average working week – 36.3 hours (Poland – 42.7) The National Minimum Wage rate per hour:

Welfare and healthcare in the UK The British „Welfare State” dates back to 1942 (or earlier) and the so called Beveridge Report which recommended a national, compulsory, flat rate insurance scheme which would combine health care, unemployment and retirement benefits. Major benefits: State pension (state pension age – 65) Housing Benefit Disability Living Allowance Income Support Attendance allowance Jobseeker's Allowance

Welfare and healthcare in the UK NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE (NHS) The four publicly funded healthcare systems in the countries of the United Kingdom The systems are primarily funded through central taxation. The services provide a comprehensive range of health services, the vast majority of which are free at the point of use for people legally resident in the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales no longer have prescription charges. However, in England, a prescription charge of £7.85 is payable per item