🗊Презентация Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model

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Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №1Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №2Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №3Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №4Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №5Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №6Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №7Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №8Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №9Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №10Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №11Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №12Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №13Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №14Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №15Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №16Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №17Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №18Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №19Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №20Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №21Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №22Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №23Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №24Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №25Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №26Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №27Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №28Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №29Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №30Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №31Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №32Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №33Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №34Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №35Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №36Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №37Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №38Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №39Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №40Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №41Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №42Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №43Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №44Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №45
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Слайды и текст этой презентации

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Electricity markets Natural Monopoly model
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Electricity markets Natural Monopoly model

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Overview Special features Stages of electricity production Production function and costs Natural monopoly Regulation Technological change
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Overview Special features Stages of electricity production Production function and costs Natural monopoly Regulation Technological change

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Special features Demand fluctuations within the day, across seasons Demand = load Peak vs. offpeak demand
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Special features Demand fluctuations within the day, across seasons Demand = load Peak vs. offpeak demand

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Variations in hourly load California system, GW vs. hour
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Variations in hourly load California system, GW vs. hour

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Special features Not storable (electricity today is not a substitute for electricity tomorrow)
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Special features Not storable (electricity today is not a substitute for electricity tomorrow)

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Special features High costs of shortages Blackouts or brownouts Capacity >= load “peak load problem”
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Special features High costs of shortages Blackouts or brownouts Capacity >= load “peak load problem”

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Special features Electricity is a secondary source of energy Electricity is both an output and an input with respect to other energy products E.g. output with respect to …? E.g. input with respect to …? Electricity is a substitute to some of its inputs
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Special features Electricity is a secondary source of energy Electricity is both an output and an input with respect to other energy products E.g. output with respect to …? E.g. input with respect to …? Electricity is a substitute to some of its inputs

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Special features Electricity consuming capital is long lived (… years) Electricity producing capital is long lived (40 years) Technology used often is not the most optimal
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Special features Electricity consuming capital is long lived (… years) Electricity producing capital is long lived (40 years) Technology used often is not the most optimal

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Special features Summary Demand fluctuations (within the day, across seasons) Not storable (electricity today is not a substitute for electricity tomorrow) High costs of shortages Complex relations with respect to other energy products
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Special features Summary Demand fluctuations (within the day, across seasons) Not storable (electricity today is not a substitute for electricity tomorrow) High costs of shortages Complex relations with respect to other energy products

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Production process Generation Transmission Distribution
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Production process Generation Transmission Distribution

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Production process Generation Electricity is a secondary energy source Transformation of one energy into electricity Mechanical power into electric power: Hydropower and wind Thermal (coal, gas, oil) Solar Nuclear
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Production process Generation Electricity is a secondary energy source Transformation of one energy into electricity Mechanical power into electric power: Hydropower and wind Thermal (coal, gas, oil) Solar Nuclear

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How is electricity generated? http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=electricity_generating
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How is electricity generated? http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=electricity_generating

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Supply chain video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg
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Supply chain video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg

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Electricity supply chain Generation: transformation of other energy into electric energy Transmission: high voltage transport of energy Distribution: low voltage transport of energy
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Electricity supply chain Generation: transformation of other energy into electric energy Transmission: high voltage transport of energy Distribution: low voltage transport of energy

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Minimum efficient scale MES is the level of output that minimizes average cost relative to the demand
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Minimum efficient scale MES is the level of output that minimizes average cost relative to the demand

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Varian, Intermediate Microeconomics, Ch. 24
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Varian, Intermediate Microeconomics, Ch. 24

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Modelling electricity markets High fixed cost Low variable cost Average cost declines as Q grows
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Modelling electricity markets High fixed cost Low variable cost Average cost declines as Q grows

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Traditional Monopoly
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Traditional Monopoly

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Natural Monopoly
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Natural Monopoly

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Natural Monopoly profit-max outcome
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Natural Monopoly profit-max outcome

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Natural Monopoly profit-max outcome
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Natural Monopoly profit-max outcome

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Natural Monopoly socially efficient outcome
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Natural Monopoly socially efficient outcome

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Natural Monopoly DWL
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Natural Monopoly DWL

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Natural Monopoly socially efficient outcome
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Natural Monopoly socially efficient outcome

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Natural Monopoly socially efficient outcome
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Natural Monopoly socially efficient outcome

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Natural Monopoly Policy 1. Public Ownership 2. Private Ownership + regulation
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Natural Monopoly Policy 1. Public Ownership 2. Private Ownership + regulation

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Natural Monopoly Average cost pricing outcome
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Natural Monopoly Average cost pricing outcome

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Differentiating peak & off-peak demand
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Differentiating peak & off-peak demand

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Peak & offpeak load
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Peak & offpeak load

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Which prices to charge? How to distribute costs among two consumer groups? Fixed cost? ~ “Capital cost” (Ck) Variable cost? ~ “Operating cost” (Cp – during peak hours; Co – during offpeak hours)
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Which prices to charge? How to distribute costs among two consumer groups? Fixed cost? ~ “Capital cost” (Ck) Variable cost? ~ “Operating cost” (Cp – during peak hours; Co – during offpeak hours)

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Peak & offpeak load Should the marginal unit be supplied during peak or offpeak? What should be its price?
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Peak & offpeak load Should the marginal unit be supplied during peak or offpeak? What should be its price?

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Peak & offpeak load Should the marginal unit be supplied during peak or offpeak? What should be its price?
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Peak & offpeak load Should the marginal unit be supplied during peak or offpeak? What should be its price?

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Smart meters and differentiating peak & off-peak demand
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Smart meters and differentiating peak & off-peak demand

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Peak-load pricing Electricity prices in Astana: 23:00-7:00 => 3.21 KZT/ kWh 7:00-23:00 => 14.52 KZT/ kWh
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Peak-load pricing Electricity prices in Astana: 23:00-7:00 => 3.21 KZT/ kWh 7:00-23:00 => 14.52 KZT/ kWh

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Peak-load pricing Summary Peak-load pricing allows a utility to cover the fixed cost. Peak-load pricing became feasible due to advances in technology.
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Peak-load pricing Summary Peak-load pricing allows a utility to cover the fixed cost. Peak-load pricing became feasible due to advances in technology.

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Electricity industry in Kazakhstan
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Electricity industry in Kazakhstan

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Industry structure Generation: mostly privately owned Transmission: KEGOC, state-owned Distribution: 15 regional distribution companies, state/privately owned
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Industry structure Generation: mostly privately owned Transmission: KEGOC, state-owned Distribution: 15 regional distribution companies, state/privately owned

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Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №38
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Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №39
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Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №40
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Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №41
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Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №42
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Electricity markets. Natural monopoly model, слайд №43
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Слайд 44


Review Special features Stages of electricity production Production function and costs Natural monopoly Regulation
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Review Special features Stages of electricity production Production function and costs Natural monopoly Regulation

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Readings Dahl, Ch. 4 Kazenergy pp. 274-275, 290-291, 303-305.
Описание слайда:
Readings Dahl, Ch. 4 Kazenergy pp. 274-275, 290-291, 303-305.

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