🗊Презентация Free Trade vs Fair Trade

Категория: Экономика и Финансы
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Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №1Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №2Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №3Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №4Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №5Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №6Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №7Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №8Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №9Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №10Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №11Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №12Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №13Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №14Free Trade vs Fair Trade, слайд №15
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Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1


Free Trade vs Fair Trade Winners and Losers
Описание слайда:
Free Trade vs Fair Trade Winners and Losers

Слайд 2


Why trade? Specialization and economies of scale in production lead to greater quantity of production in all trading countries and thus increased incomes and higher standard of living (economic welfare) International trade and international economic interdependence may reduce tensions and promote peace among nations of the world
Описание слайда:
Why trade? Specialization and economies of scale in production lead to greater quantity of production in all trading countries and thus increased incomes and higher standard of living (economic welfare) International trade and international economic interdependence may reduce tensions and promote peace among nations of the world

Слайд 3


NAFTA Free trade Elimination of tariff, gradual in some cases Exceptions Free capital movements/investment ==================== Rationales Stability Economic prosperities for all parties Will reduce illegal immigration
Описание слайда:
NAFTA Free trade Elimination of tariff, gradual in some cases Exceptions Free capital movements/investment ==================== Rationales Stability Economic prosperities for all parties Will reduce illegal immigration

Слайд 4


Concerns Economic Disparities Environmental concerns Labor concerns Inequalities
Описание слайда:
Concerns Economic Disparities Environmental concerns Labor concerns Inequalities

Слайд 5


Why free trade may not be fair: Limited potentials for trade in the developing world Winners and losers in both developed and developing countries The mismatches Tastes Regulations Standards Cultures Economic and social institutions Etc.
Описание слайда:
Why free trade may not be fair: Limited potentials for trade in the developing world Winners and losers in both developed and developing countries The mismatches Tastes Regulations Standards Cultures Economic and social institutions Etc.

Слайд 6


Has NAFTA been successful? Economic growth Income inequality and poverty reduction Economic stability Immigration Has NAFTA resulted in real “free trade?” Some non-tariff barriers have survived The corn and tomato story The maquiladoras The emergence of China
Описание слайда:
Has NAFTA been successful? Economic growth Income inequality and poverty reduction Economic stability Immigration Has NAFTA resulted in real “free trade?” Some non-tariff barriers have survived The corn and tomato story The maquiladoras The emergence of China

Слайд 7


Perils of Free Trade Transitional job losses (unemployment) Lower incomes for some Loss of tariff income for some countries Infant industries at risk: A need for protection Imperfect capital markets (Note: Some criticize protection of infant industries.) Level playing field? From developed countries perspective From developing countries perspective Dumping laws There may be more losers and winners despite economic growth in some countries
Описание слайда:
Perils of Free Trade Transitional job losses (unemployment) Lower incomes for some Loss of tariff income for some countries Infant industries at risk: A need for protection Imperfect capital markets (Note: Some criticize protection of infant industries.) Level playing field? From developed countries perspective From developing countries perspective Dumping laws There may be more losers and winners despite economic growth in some countries

Слайд 8


Where are we now? From GATT rounds (ending with the Uruguay Round) to WTO 1994 The rule of law in international trade Still the powerful have more clout Trade liberalization has favored the rich Still developing countries pay more tariffs than industrial rich Patent laws Capital liberalization vs labor liberalization Politics and the influence of special interests The development rounds: From Doha (2001) to Cancun (2003) and Hong Kong (2005): not much accomplished
Описание слайда:
Where are we now? From GATT rounds (ending with the Uruguay Round) to WTO 1994 The rule of law in international trade Still the powerful have more clout Trade liberalization has favored the rich Still developing countries pay more tariffs than industrial rich Patent laws Capital liberalization vs labor liberalization Politics and the influence of special interests The development rounds: From Doha (2001) to Cancun (2003) and Hong Kong (2005): not much accomplished

Слайд 9


What to do? Treating developing countries differently Developed countries should do something about their agriculture subsidies Remove escalating tariffs from processed agricultural goods Liberalize unskilled-labor-intensive services Liberalize labor migration Reduction of non-tariff barriers Safeguards and dumping duties
Описание слайда:
What to do? Treating developing countries differently Developed countries should do something about their agriculture subsidies Remove escalating tariffs from processed agricultural goods Liberalize unskilled-labor-intensive services Liberalize labor migration Reduction of non-tariff barriers Safeguards and dumping duties

Слайд 10


Fair Trade for Developing Countries The “most favored nation” principle should not be used as a bargaining tool by developed countries Extended market access; the European example Give them a break on subsidies Let them protect their new promising industries
Описание слайда:
Fair Trade for Developing Countries The “most favored nation” principle should not be used as a bargaining tool by developed countries Extended market access; the European example Give them a break on subsidies Let them protect their new promising industries

Слайд 11


Agriculture The industrial world should stop or significantly reduce its agricultural subsidies, especially on those crops in which the developing countries may have a comparative advantage—e.g. cotton Concentration of subsidies in the US Fair market prices are would help efficient producers while the impact of slightly higher prices on consumers will be minimal
Описание слайда:
Agriculture The industrial world should stop or significantly reduce its agricultural subsidies, especially on those crops in which the developing countries may have a comparative advantage—e.g. cotton Concentration of subsidies in the US Fair market prices are would help efficient producers while the impact of slightly higher prices on consumers will be minimal

Слайд 12


Tariff Policies Do not punish developing countries for attempting to increase the value added of there exports by processing them: escalating tariffs; e.g., oranges vs. orange juice The effective protection of processing could be much greater than the nominal tariff rate on a processed product Do not abuse “safeguards” and “dumping” duties; there is need for an international tribunal to rule on trade violations
Описание слайда:
Tariff Policies Do not punish developing countries for attempting to increase the value added of there exports by processing them: escalating tariffs; e.g., oranges vs. orange juice The effective protection of processing could be much greater than the nominal tariff rate on a processed product Do not abuse “safeguards” and “dumping” duties; there is need for an international tribunal to rule on trade violations

Слайд 13


Non-Tariff Barriers Technical barriers: safety, standards, etc. Rules of origin Tendencies toward bilateral trade agreements; such agreements should be restricted: It may be in the interest of large (powerful) countries to try to enter into trade agreement with individual countries – e.g., Chile Morocco, Peru
Описание слайда:
Non-Tariff Barriers Technical barriers: safety, standards, etc. Rules of origin Tendencies toward bilateral trade agreements; such agreements should be restricted: It may be in the interest of large (powerful) countries to try to enter into trade agreement with individual countries – e.g., Chile Morocco, Peru

Слайд 14


Unskilled Labor and Immigration Developed countries should open up their markets to low-skilled services of developing countries: trucking, shipping, etc. The rich countries’ capital chases the cheap labor in developing countries. Why not liberalize the movement of low-skilled labor as well so that such labor can go the countries where the is a shortage of such labor
Описание слайда:
Unskilled Labor and Immigration Developed countries should open up their markets to low-skilled services of developing countries: trucking, shipping, etc. The rich countries’ capital chases the cheap labor in developing countries. Why not liberalize the movement of low-skilled labor as well so that such labor can go the countries where the is a shortage of such labor

Слайд 15


Institutional Reforms Who makes the rules of international trade? Who sets the agenda? Who enforces the rules and how? How are disagreements are resolved? Transparency and openness in processes Enforcement mechanisms are not effective when used by developing countries; solution: trading “enforcement rights”
Описание слайда:
Institutional Reforms Who makes the rules of international trade? Who sets the agenda? Who enforces the rules and how? How are disagreements are resolved? Transparency and openness in processes Enforcement mechanisms are not effective when used by developing countries; solution: trading “enforcement rights”

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