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Ministry of the Public Health of Ukraine Zaporozhe State Medical University Chair of General Hygiene and Ecology Zaporozhye 2014

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Concept about weather and climate Weather - dynamic set physical properties of ground layer of air (troposphere) for a short time interval (hours, day, weeks).

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The basic weather forming factors: 1) Geliophysical - intensity of a sunlight and solar activity 2) Geophysical - intensity of a geomagnetic field of the Earth, geomagnetic storms 3) Electric condition of atmosphere - intensity and gradient of electric field, air ionization

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4) Meteorological - temperature, humidity, speed and direction of movement of air, atmospheric pressure 5) Synoptic - overcast, deposits 4) Meteorological - temperature, humidity, speed and direction of movement of air, atmospheric pressure 5) Synoptic - overcast, deposits

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Meteorological factors – sharp fluctuations of temperature and atmospheric pressure - than more it is differences – than more biothropic weather.

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Synoptic factors Are caused by atmospheric circulation of warm and cold air weights. There are 3 types of air masses - warm, cold, neutral (local). At it movement are formed atmospheric fronts - warm, cold, occlusion (mix of warm and cold masses).

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1) Cyclone - atmospheric whirlwind with low pressure in the center and movement of air masses counter-clockwise. It is more often in the winter, on the average above Europe for one year - 40 cyclones.

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2) Anticyclone - the atmospheric phenomenon with a high pressure in the center and movement of air clockwise. Clear weather - strong heat in the summer or frost in the winter. Sharp differences of weather factors are not present - more favorable weather. 2) Anticyclone - the atmospheric phenomenon with a high pressure in the center and movement of air clockwise. Clear weather - strong heat in the summer or frost in the winter. Sharp differences of weather factors are not present - more favorable weather.

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Geliophysical factors Till now at estimation of weather are little taken into account, though the ingenious founder heliobiology A.L.Chizhevsky in 1920th years has established influence of solar activity on alive organisms, including people.

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Complexity studying this question - cyclic changes of solar activity has different periodicity - 11-years, 22-years, 60-years and more, which can be imposed against each other and poorly studied.

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Parameters of solar activity: Index Wolf (W) - amount of spots on the Sun, Index S - the total area of spots, Intensity of radio emission of the Sun on a wave 10,7 sm, Solar wind - corpuscular streams (protons, electrons.)

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Geophysical parameters - electromagnetic field of Earth (EMF), its deviation from a usual level named "magnetic storms" - planetary, local, on intensity - weak, moderate and big. Definition degree variability of weather.

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The reasons, mechanisms and displays MR People as a whole adapted to rhythmical changes of climate and the weather, connected with changes of day and night, season of year.

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All people on metheosensibility share on 2 categories: а) meteostable - tolerant - young healthy people b) meteosensitive - on the different data it is 30-70 % of the population, in old age, among patients with bronchial asthma, hypertension - up to 90 %. All people on metheosensibility share on 2 categories: а) meteostable - tolerant - young healthy people b) meteosensitive - on the different data it is 30-70 % of the population, in old age, among patients with bronchial asthma, hypertension - up to 90 %.

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Displays MR 1) An easy degree - asteno-vegetative syndrome - mass character and synchronism with changes of weather allow us to think about presence MR.

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Diseases during which are marked MR It is revealed 2 groups diseases 1. Diseases for which there are some data on presence МR: Diseases gastroenterities way (stomach ulcer, gastritises, colites, etc.) - 40-60 % of patients,

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2.Diseases for which presence МR is authentically proved: 2.Diseases for which presence МR is authentically proved: - Cardiovascular diseases - statistically authentic growth number of insults, hypertonic crisis's, heart attacks and mortality at biothropic weather - including according to first aid,

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Medical estimation of weather In a basis of all medical classifications - the concept offered N.E.Vvedenski about force of external irritation: low, average and high.

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If index 0-19 - optimum weather, 20-49 - irritating (demands strengthened medical control), more than 50 - sharp (demands strict medical control). If index 0-19 - optimum weather, 20-49 - irritating (demands strengthened medical control), more than 50 - sharp (demands strict medical control).

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System prevention MR - 3 basic directions 1) Common hygienic methods – rational nutrition, rational mode of day 2) Organizational measures - medical weather forecasts, medical estimation of weather.

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Thus allocate seasonal prevention - regular reception small dozes of preparations in adverse months in the given area Thus allocate seasonal prevention - regular reception small dozes of preparations in adverse months in the given area

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Seasons for seasonal prophylaxis cardiovascular diseases in Crimea(V.Bardov, 1985). Most unfavorable months on reliable rising frequency of exacerbations: hypertonic crisises - 2,3,4,5 and 12 month attacks of stenocardia -1,2,3,4,5 and 11 month

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Hygienic value climate Climate it is a long-term mode of weather in the given district. The basic climate-formed factors: - The geographical breadth, influencing size of a sunlight,

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Parameters of climate - average (monthly average, mid-annual) parameters of meteorological factors, wind rose, number of clear days etc.

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(season, year). If index T more 0,5 – it is adverse climate (not good for ill person). At long residing at the certain climate the person has the certain dynamic stereotype providing normal ability to live. (season, year). If index T more 0,5 – it is adverse climate (not good for ill person). At long residing at the certain climate the person has the certain dynamic stereotype providing normal ability to live.

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Conditionally in this process allocate 2 stages: а) Partial acclimatization or adaptation - from the first hours - to 14 days (at ill people - about 30 and more days). b) Full acclimatization - after 14 day - some months, to conditions of Far North - up to 1,5 years.

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Acclimatization should be taken into account in resort treatment - to not direct patients on resorts with sharply distinguished climate (24 days - the basic period of acclimatization). The big problem for army, the Navy, workers on Far North. Acclimatization should be taken into account in resort treatment - to not direct patients on resorts with sharply distinguished climate (24 days - the basic period of acclimatization). The big problem for army, the Navy, workers on Far North.

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We also know that most people are born and die in the dark of night. Clinically are confirmed changes of physiological functions dependent of the seasons of the year.

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In the summer register redistribution of blood from internal organs to the skin, in connection with thisfact blood pressure is lower in summer than in winter.

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In the summer there is anincreased cardiac output, less manifested vascular reaction and a large consumption of oxygen tissues than in winter. Ability of blood to bind carbon dioxide greatest in the winter.

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Dry and hot strong wind, brings a lot of sand. The dust gets into the house, penetrates clothes, hair, gets in eyes, nasopharynx, generates the feeling of bothersome sultriness.

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The highest manifestation of activity of climatic factors are the so-called seasonal disease and the seasonal exacerbation of chronic diseases.

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The greatest number of cases of pneumonia by children under 1 year was registered in January and April, which coincides with the most drastic weather changes. Cooling, the violation of trophic of pharyngonasal cavity promote the development of the infectious process.

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In the spring atmospheric pressure may have significant daily variation, it generally tends to decrease, decreases the absolute quantity of oxygen in the air.

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The process of acclimatization is a longtime adaptation to new climatic conditions associated with the formation of a new dynamic stereotype, which occurs through the establishment of temporary and permanent reflex connections with the environment through the central nervous system.

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Adaptation is the process of supportingof the functional condition of homeostatic systems of the body, that provides its preservation, promotion, performance, maximum life duration in the inadequate conditions ofnatural environment.

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For the successful acclimatization of man has so much value does not effect the harsh climatic conditions, as a rational and purposeful organization of dwelling, clothes, working conditions and nutrition.