🗊Презентация Hygienic characteristic of tropic climate

Ministry of the Public Health of Ukraine Zaporozhye State Medical University Chair of General Hygiene and Ecology Hygiene description of climate and weather of hot and tropical breadths (features of sun radiation, daily allowance and seasonal vibrations of parameters of microclimate). Features of influence of tropical climate on the terms of life, capacity and health of population. Features of planning and building and sanitary equipping with modern amenities of the populated places in the conditions of tropical climate. Hygiene, toxicological and epidemiological problems of feed of population of tropical regions. Hygiene of water and feature of water-supply of population in the conditions of tropical climate. The author: Volkova Yuliya Vladimirovna

MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE Average temperature of the coldest month is 0ºC, the warmest month temperature is +22+28ºC. The summer is hot and dry, sometimes the temperature reaches +42+45ºC due to hot winds (sirocco and mistral) from the North Africa deserts.  

In winter dry continental tropical air prevails, brought by trade winds, in summer there is wet air from equator. In winter dry continental tropical air prevails, brought by trade winds, in summer there is wet air from equator. That is why wet weather with heavy precipitations is frequent in summer, the highest average temperature per month is +25…+30ºC. But in winter the weather is dry, the lowest average month temperature is +15…..+18ºC.

There are deserts of Sahara, Libyan, Nubian, Namibia, Kalahari and also Arabia, South America and central part of Australia deserts. There are deserts of Sahara, Libyan, Nubian, Namibia, Kalahari and also Arabia, South America and central part of Australia deserts. Common characteristic for deserts: Complete absence of cloudiness High solar radiation amount High air and ground temperature Dryness and high level of evaporation Limited or complete absence of water resources

In hot climate at weakened people at heavy physical work daily losses of water can reach 12 liters - thus can give dehydration of the organism different degree of weight. Thus plasma of blood first of all suffers. In hot climate at weakened people at heavy physical work daily losses of water can reach 12 liters - thus can give dehydration of the organism different degree of weight. Thus plasma of blood first of all suffers. Thus viscosity of blood, the contents of hemoglobin sharply raises, the volume of circulating blood decrease - reduction speed of blood circulation, reduction shock volume of heart, increase frequency of cardiac reductions.

HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF WATER RESOURCES AND SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY IN TROPICAL REGIONS There is no water problem in humid tropics: area is covered by forests, jungle, frequent heavy rains, tropical storms constantly replenish surface and underground waters. There is significant water deficiency in arid areas especially in deserts, seasonal water changes into drought or rain absence create hard living conditions for living organisms or make life impossible.

Ground water – subterranean and artesian – doesn’t need purification and disinfection. In some cases softening, desalination and defluorination are necessary. Ground water – subterranean and artesian – doesn’t need purification and disinfection. In some cases softening, desalination and defluorination are necessary. Depending on size and pollution degree, surface water is able to self-purify because of suspected materials inclusion sedimentation, solar radiation, aeration (organic substances oxidation), dilution, biochemical oxidation, saprophytic microorganisms, bakteriophages action, nitri- and nitrofication. But reproduction of pathogenic organisms, viruses, infectious agents is possible in hot regions. In case of significant pollution water can decay and become unusable for domestic and drinking purposes.

The most widely used method is: The most widely used method is: 1. chlorination - according to chlorine requirement; - over chlorination; - double chlorination; - with pre-ammonization; - with using of gas-like chlorine; - chlorine lime; - calcium hypochloride; 2. ozone-treatment 3. ultraviolet radiation

- rational diet. It means correspondence of food intake to biological rhythms (food intakes in certain time of the day). Also the certain number of food intakes, intervals between them, balance between the values of different food intakes during the day; - rational diet. It means correspondence of food intake to biological rhythms (food intakes in certain time of the day). Also the certain number of food intakes, intervals between them, balance between the values of different food intakes during the day; - enzymatic constellation. It means correspondence of food products quality to enzyme ability of individual digestive system (quality of culinary processing, condition of food intake, spices, and other factors, that make the food easy for digestion and assimilation). - epidemiological and toxicological food safety which means the absence of infectious organisms, helminthes and poisoning substances in toxic concentrations;

Requirements to working clothes: Requirements to working clothes: not multilayered from easy natural materials - light colouring - free breed At work on open deserted district the clothes as much as possible should protect all parts of a body from action of direct solar beams and dust, for protection eyes - smoky glasses.

The complex building and sun-protection measures is necessary: apartment houses are better for building near to green plantings and reservoirs, orientation of windows - to the north, building materials should be heatproof: tree, brick, foam concrete, pise-walled materials. Building with an attic with good isolation and aeration is necessary. It is expedient to increase the sizes of rooms and their height. Colouring of external walls is recommended light for reflection of solar radiation; special canopies, a venetian blind above windows. The complex building and sun-protection measures is necessary: apartment houses are better for building near to green plantings and reservoirs, orientation of windows - to the north, building materials should be heatproof: tree, brick, foam concrete, pise-walled materials. Building with an attic with good isolation and aeration is necessary. It is expedient to increase the sizes of rooms and their height. Colouring of external walls is recommended light for reflection of solar radiation; special canopies, a venetian blind above windows.

Thanks for attention