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Вы можете ознакомиться и скачать презентацию на тему Introduction to electricity. Доклад-сообщение содержит 61 слайдов. Презентации для любого класса можно скачать бесплатно. Если материал и наш сайт презентаций Mypresentation Вам понравились – поделитесь им с друзьями с помощью социальных кнопок и добавьте в закладки в своем браузере.

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Introduction to Electricity

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Charge

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Current

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Current-Water Analogy

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Voltage

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Voltage-Water Analogy

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Voltage/Current-Water Analogy

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Series Connection of Cells Each cell provides 1.5 V Two cells connected one after another, in series, provide 3 V, while three cells would provide 4.5 V Polarities matter

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Parallel Connection of Cells If the cells are connected in parallel, the voltage stays at 1.5 V, but now a larger current can be drawn.

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Wire-Water Analogy

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Resistor Concept —I

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Resistor Concept —II

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Resistors-Water Analogy

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Resistor V-I Characteristic

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Resistor Applications Resistors are used for: Limiting current in electric circuits. Lowering voltage levels in electric circuits (using voltage divider). As current provider. As a sensor (e.g., photoresistor detects light condition, thermistor detects temperature condition, strain gauge detects load condition, etc.) In electronic circuits, resistors are used as pull-up and pull-down elements to avoid floating signal levels.

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Resistors: Power Rating and Composition It is very important to be aware of power rating of resistor used in circuits and to make sure that this limit is not violated. A higher power rating resistor can dissipate more energy that a lower power rating resistor. Resistors can be made of: Carbon film (decomposition of carbon film on a ceramic core). Carbon composition (carbon powder and glue-like binder). Metal oxide (ceramic core coated with metal oxide). Precision metal film. High power wire wound.

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Resistor Examples

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Resistor Labels Wire-wound resistors have a label indicating resistance and power ratings. A majority of resistors have color bars to indicate their resistance magnitude. There are usually 4 to 6 bands of color on a resistor. As shown in the figure below, the right most color bar indicates the resistor reliability, however, some resistor use this bar to indicate the tolerance. The color bar immediately left to the tolerance bar (C), indicates the multipliers (in tens). To the left of the multiplier bar are the digits, starting from the last digit to the first digit.

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Resistor Color Codes

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Example The first band is yellow, so the first digit is 4 The second band is violet, so the second digit is 7 The third band is red, so the multiplier is Resistor value is

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Metric Units and Conversions Abbreviation Means Multiply unit by Or p pico .000000000001 10 -12 n nano .000000001 10 -9 µ micro .000001 10 -6 m milli .001 10 -3 . Unit 1 10 0 k kilo 1,000 10 3 M mega 1,000,000 10 6 G giga 1,000,000,000 10 9

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Digital Multimeter 1 DMM is a measuring instrument An ammeter measures current A voltmeter measures the potential difference (voltage) between two points An ohmmeter measures resistance A multimeter combines these functions, and possibly some additional ones as well, into a single instrument

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Digital Multimeter 2 Voltmeter Parallel connection Ammeter Series connection Ohmmeter Without any power supplied Adjust range (start from highest limit if you don’t know)

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Ammeter Connection Break the circuit so that the ammeter can be connected in series All the current flowing in the circuit must pass through the ammeter An ammeter must have a very LOW input impedance

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Voltmeter Connection The voltmeter is connected in parallel between two points of circuit A voltmeter should have a very HIGH input impedance

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Ohmmeter Connection An ohmmeter does not function with a circuit connected to a power supply Must take it out of the circuit altogether and test it separately

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Resistors in Series Rtotal=R1+R2 Rtotal=1+1=2kΩ

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Resistors in Parallel

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Exercise 1

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Variable Resistor Concept

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Variable Resistor Construction

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Variable Resistor Operation

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Variable Resistor: Rotary Potentiometers

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Variable Resistor: Other Examples

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Resistance Formula

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Capacitor Concept

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Capacitor Construction A capacitor is constructed using a pair of parallel conducting plates separated by an insulating material (dielectric). When the two plates of a capacitor are connected to a voltage source as shown, charges are displaced from one side of the capacitor to the other side, thereby establishing an electric field. The charges continue to be displaced in this manner until the potential difference across the two plates is equal to the potential of voltage source.