🗊Презентация Profile leveling

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Profile leveling, слайд №1Profile leveling, слайд №2Profile leveling, слайд №3Profile leveling, слайд №4Profile leveling, слайд №5Profile leveling, слайд №6Profile leveling, слайд №7Profile leveling, слайд №8Profile leveling, слайд №9Profile leveling, слайд №10Profile leveling, слайд №11Profile leveling, слайд №12Profile leveling, слайд №13
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Слайд 1


Earthwork Profile Leveling
Описание слайда:
Earthwork Profile Leveling

Слайд 2


Profile Leveling To collect data about topography along a reference line. Mainly to compute volumes of cut and fill for a proposed linear structure, such as: highways, railroads, transmission lines, canals. Then the best route can be chosen. The result: elevations at definite points (stations) along a reference line, usually the center line.
Описание слайда:
Profile Leveling To collect data about topography along a reference line. Mainly to compute volumes of cut and fill for a proposed linear structure, such as: highways, railroads, transmission lines, canals. Then the best route can be chosen. The result: elevations at definite points (stations) along a reference line, usually the center line.

Слайд 3


Staking and Stationing the Reference Line First, topography is studied, a center line is chosen. Second, points (stations) are marked (staked). Stations are set at starting and ending points, then intermediate stations. Distance between the intermediate stations is usually 100ft, could be less if topography is rough. Stationing: a system adopted to specify the relative positions of points along the reference line. Distances are written in the form of a sum: A + B. A is hundreds of feet, B is feet.
Описание слайда:
Staking and Stationing the Reference Line First, topography is studied, a center line is chosen. Second, points (stations) are marked (staked). Stations are set at starting and ending points, then intermediate stations. Distance between the intermediate stations is usually 100ft, could be less if topography is rough. Stationing: a system adopted to specify the relative positions of points along the reference line. Distances are written in the form of a sum: A + B. A is hundreds of feet, B is feet.

Слайд 4


For example station K is (10+24.5) = 1024.5ft from a certain zero, may not exist. For example station K is (10+24.5) = 1024.5ft from a certain zero, may not exist. First station is usually designated with arbitrary value: 10+00, 100+00 To compute distances along the line, erase the + sign, and subtract the two numbers Distance between the stations:(20+68) and (30+34) = 3034 - 2068 = 966 ft
Описание слайда:
For example station K is (10+24.5) = 1024.5ft from a certain zero, may not exist. For example station K is (10+24.5) = 1024.5ft from a certain zero, may not exist. First station is usually designated with arbitrary value: 10+00, 100+00 To compute distances along the line, erase the + sign, and subtract the two numbers Distance between the stations:(20+68) and (30+34) = 3034 - 2068 = 966 ft

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First a backsight at a BM is observed. First a backsight at a BM is observed. Then, a number of intermediate foresights are observed at the stations needed, do not have to be at equal distances. When the distance becomes too long, or readings become hard to observe, a turning point is constructed. You cannot keep the backsight distance equal to the foresight distance.
Описание слайда:
First a backsight at a BM is observed. First a backsight at a BM is observed. Then, a number of intermediate foresights are observed at the stations needed, do not have to be at equal distances. When the distance becomes too long, or readings become hard to observe, a turning point is constructed. You cannot keep the backsight distance equal to the foresight distance.

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Figure 5.11 Profile leveling.
Описание слайда:
Figure 5.11 Profile leveling.

Слайд 7


Elevation computation: Elevation computation: Elevation of line of sight (LS) = EBM + BSBM. Elevation of any intermediate point = ELS - FSIP. Handle new level positions as in differential leveling, construct a turning point and knowing BS and FS readings, compute a new elevation of line of sight. See figure (5-12) page 119 for example of field data and adjustment.
Описание слайда:
Elevation computation: Elevation computation: Elevation of line of sight (LS) = EBM + BSBM. Elevation of any intermediate point = ELS - FSIP. Handle new level positions as in differential leveling, construct a turning point and knowing BS and FS readings, compute a new elevation of line of sight. See figure (5-12) page 119 for example of field data and adjustment.

Слайд 8


Profile leveling, слайд №8
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Profile leveling, слайд №9
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Profile leveling, слайд №10
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Слайд 11


Profile leveling, слайд №11
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Слайд 12


Drawing and Using Profiles Drawn using a software now.The following is for reference only, will not be in exams. To manually draw a profile and compute earthwork: {the following is for reference only, will not be included in exams} Assume the horizontal axis is the distance and the vertical axis is the elevation. Use a larger scale for the elevation than the distance scale, usually 10 times larger. Draw the design line at the proposed grade. Compute the areas of cut and fill. Multiply area by width to get volumes. Gradient (percent grade) is the rise or fall in ft per 100 ft, or meter per 100 meter.
Описание слайда:
Drawing and Using Profiles Drawn using a software now.The following is for reference only, will not be in exams. To manually draw a profile and compute earthwork: {the following is for reference only, will not be included in exams} Assume the horizontal axis is the distance and the vertical axis is the elevation. Use a larger scale for the elevation than the distance scale, usually 10 times larger. Draw the design line at the proposed grade. Compute the areas of cut and fill. Multiply area by width to get volumes. Gradient (percent grade) is the rise or fall in ft per 100 ft, or meter per 100 meter.

Слайд 13


Figure 5.13 Plot of profile.
Описание слайда:
Figure 5.13 Plot of profile.

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