🗊Презентация Visual Output

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Слайды и текст этой презентации


Слайд 1





IMPLEMENTING IOE
Assist. Prof. Rassim Suliyev - SDU 2017
Описание слайда:
IMPLEMENTING IOE Assist. Prof. Rassim Suliyev - SDU 2017

Слайд 2





Visual Output
Lets the Arduino show off
Arduino supports a broad range of LED devices
Use digital and analog outputs for visualization
Digital output
All pins that used for digital input can be used as output as well
Digital output causes the voltage on a pin to be either high (5 volts) or low (0 volts)
digitalWrite(outputPin, value)
pinMode(outputPin, OUTPUT)
Описание слайда:
Visual Output Lets the Arduino show off Arduino supports a broad range of LED devices Use digital and analog outputs for visualization Digital output All pins that used for digital input can be used as output as well Digital output causes the voltage on a pin to be either high (5 volts) or low (0 volts) digitalWrite(outputPin, value) pinMode(outputPin, OUTPUT)

Слайд 3





Analog Output
Refers to levels that can be gradually varied up to their maximum level
analogWrite(pin, val)
Used to control such things as the intensity of an LED
Is not truly analog, but behave like analog
Uses a technique called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Emulates an analog signal using digital pulses
Works by varying the proportion of the pulses’ on time to off time
Описание слайда:
Analog Output Refers to levels that can be gradually varied up to their maximum level analogWrite(pin, val) Used to control such things as the intensity of an LED Is not truly analog, but behave like analog Uses a technique called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Emulates an analog signal using digital pulses Works by varying the proportion of the pulses’ on time to off time

Слайд 4





Pulse Width Modulation
More commonly called “PWM”
Computers can’t output analog voltages
Only digital voltages (0 volts or 5 volts)
But you can fake it
if you average a digital signal flipping between two voltages
For example...
Описание слайда:
Pulse Width Modulation More commonly called “PWM” Computers can’t output analog voltages Only digital voltages (0 volts or 5 volts) But you can fake it if you average a digital signal flipping between two voltages For example...

Слайд 5





PWM
Output voltage is averaged from on vs. off time
output_voltage = (on_time / off_time) * max_voltage
Описание слайда:
PWM Output voltage is averaged from on vs. off time output_voltage = (on_time / off_time) * max_voltage

Слайд 6





PWM
Used everywhere
Lamp dimmers
Motor speed control
Power supplies
Noise making
Three characteristics of PWM signals
Pulse width range (min/max)
Pulse period (= 1/pulses per second)
Voltage levels (0-5V, for instance)
Описание слайда:
PWM Used everywhere Lamp dimmers Motor speed control Power supplies Noise making Three characteristics of PWM signals Pulse width range (min/max) Pulse period (= 1/pulses per second) Voltage levels (0-5V, for instance)

Слайд 7





Arduino PWM
Arduino has built-in PWM
On UNO they are pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11
Use analogWrite(pin,value)
pin: the pin to write to. 
value: the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on). 
It operates at a high, fixed frequency
490HZ for most pins (except pins 5 and 6 which run at 980HZ)
Great for LEDs and motors
Uses built-in PWM circuits of the ATmega8 chip
No software needed
Описание слайда:
Arduino PWM Arduino has built-in PWM On UNO they are pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 Use analogWrite(pin,value) pin: the pin to write to. value: the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on). It operates at a high, fixed frequency 490HZ for most pins (except pins 5 and 6 which run at 980HZ) Great for LEDs and motors Uses built-in PWM circuits of the ATmega8 chip No software needed

Слайд 8





Arduino PWM
Higher level output is emulated with pulses that are on more than they are off
Pulses are repeated quickly enough
almost 500 times per second on Arduino
pulsing cannot be detected by human senses
Описание слайда:
Arduino PWM Higher level output is emulated with pulses that are on more than they are off Pulses are repeated quickly enough almost 500 times per second on Arduino pulsing cannot be detected by human senses

Слайд 9





LED specifications
LED is a semiconductor device (diode)
Two leads, an anode and a cathode
The device emits light (photons) when
Vanode > Vcathode + forward voltage
Anode is usually the longer lead and flat spot on the housing indicates the cathode
LED color and forward voltage depend on the construction of the diode
Typical red LED has a forward voltage of around 1.8 volts
Limit the current with a resistor, or the LED will burn out
Описание слайда:
LED specifications LED is a semiconductor device (diode) Two leads, an anode and a cathode The device emits light (photons) when Vanode > Vcathode + forward voltage Anode is usually the longer lead and flat spot on the housing indicates the cathode LED color and forward voltage depend on the construction of the diode Typical red LED has a forward voltage of around 1.8 volts Limit the current with a resistor, or the LED will burn out

Слайд 10





Consult an LED data sheet
Arduino pins can supply up to 40 mA of current
This is plenty for a typical medium intensity LED, but not enough to drive the higher brightness LEDs or multiple LEDs connected to a single pin
Описание слайда:
Consult an LED data sheet Arduino pins can supply up to 40 mA of current This is plenty for a typical medium intensity LED, but not enough to drive the higher brightness LEDs or multiple LEDs connected to a single pin

Слайд 11





Adjusting the Brightness of an LED
Connect each LED to an analog (PWM) output
Описание слайда:
Adjusting the Brightness of an LED Connect each LED to an analog (PWM) output

Слайд 12





Driving High-Power LEDs
Arduino can handle current up to 40 mA per pin
Use a transistor to switch on and off the current
Arrow indicates a +V power source
+5V power pin can supply up to 400 mA or so
If an external power supply is used, remember to connect the ground of the external supply to the Arduino ground
Описание слайда:
Driving High-Power LEDs Arduino can handle current up to 40 mA per pin Use a transistor to switch on and off the current Arrow indicates a +V power source +5V power pin can supply up to 400 mA or so If an external power supply is used, remember to connect the ground of the external supply to the Arduino ground

Слайд 13





How to Exceed 40 mA per Pin
Connect multiple pins in parallel to increase current beyond the 40 mA
Don’t try to use a single resistor to connect the two pins
This technique can also be used to source current
It does not work with analogWrite
Описание слайда:
How to Exceed 40 mA per Pin Connect multiple pins in parallel to increase current beyond the 40 mA Don’t try to use a single resistor to connect the two pins This technique can also be used to source current It does not work with analogWrite

Слайд 14





Adjusting the Color of an LED
RGB LEDs have red, green, and blue elements in a single package
common anode or common cathode
Описание слайда:
Adjusting the Color of an LED RGB LEDs have red, green, and blue elements in a single package common anode or common cathode

Слайд 15





Adjusting the Color of an LED
Описание слайда:
Adjusting the Color of an LED

Слайд 16





Driving a 7-Segment LED Display
Contains 8 LEDs (including Decimal Point indicator)
Common Anode & Common Cathode
Описание слайда:
Driving a 7-Segment LED Display Contains 8 LEDs (including Decimal Point indicator) Common Anode & Common Cathode

Слайд 17





Driving a 7-Segment LED Display
Описание слайда:
Driving a 7-Segment LED Display

Слайд 18





Multidigit, 7-Segment: Multiplexing
Corresponding segments from each digit are connected together
Описание слайда:
Multidigit, 7-Segment: Multiplexing Corresponding segments from each digit are connected together

Слайд 19





Multidigit, 7-Segment: Multiplexing
Описание слайда:
Multidigit, 7-Segment: Multiplexing

Слайд 20





Multiplexing
To control many LEDs use a technique called multiplexing
Multiplexing  is switching groups of LEDs in sequence
Usually arranged in rows or columns
Scanning through the LEDs quickly enough 
Creates the impression that the lights remain on
Through the phenomenon of persistence of vision
Charlieplexing uses multiplexing along with the fact that LEDs have polarity 
They only illuminate when the anode is more positive than the cathode
Switch between two LEDs by reversing the polarity
Описание слайда:
Multiplexing To control many LEDs use a technique called multiplexing Multiplexing is switching groups of LEDs in sequence Usually arranged in rows or columns Scanning through the LEDs quickly enough Creates the impression that the lights remain on Through the phenomenon of persistence of vision Charlieplexing uses multiplexing along with the fact that LEDs have polarity They only illuminate when the anode is more positive than the cathode Switch between two LEDs by reversing the polarity

Слайд 21





Controlling an LED Matrix
8X8 LED matrix contains 64 LEDs
Anodes connected in rows and cathodes in columns
Описание слайда:
Controlling an LED Matrix 8X8 LED matrix contains 64 LEDs Anodes connected in rows and cathodes in columns

Слайд 22





Lighting Each Pixel of LED Matrix
Описание слайда:
Lighting Each Pixel of LED Matrix

Слайд 23





Displaying Images on an LED Matrix
Описание слайда:
Displaying Images on an LED Matrix

Слайд 24





Controlling LEDs: Charlieplexing
Charlieplexing - increases the number of LEDs that can be driven by a group of pins
Based on the fact that LEDs only turn on when anode more positive than the cathode
Описание слайда:
Controlling LEDs: Charlieplexing Charlieplexing - increases the number of LEDs that can be driven by a group of pins Based on the fact that LEDs only turn on when anode more positive than the cathode

Слайд 25





Controlling LEDs: Charlieplexing
Описание слайда:
Controlling LEDs: Charlieplexing



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