🗊 Презентация Constructivist Approaches to International Politics

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №1 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №2 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №3 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №4 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №5 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №6 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №7 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №8 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №9 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №10 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №11 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №12 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №13 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №14 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №15 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №16 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №17 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №18 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №19 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №20 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №21 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №22 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №23 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №24 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №25 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №26 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №27 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №28 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №29 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №30 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №31 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №32 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №33 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №34 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №35 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №36 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №37 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №38 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №39 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №40 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №41 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №42 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №43 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №44 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №45 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №46 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №47 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №48 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №49 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №50 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №51 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №52 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №53 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №54 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №55 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №56 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №57 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №58 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №59 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №60 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №61 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №62 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №63 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №64 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №65 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №66 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №67 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №68 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №69 Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №70
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Слайды и текст этой презентации

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics J A Morrison
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics J A Morrison

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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is...
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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is what states make of it”

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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is...
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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is what states make of it”

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Before we grapple with the “constructivist” approach to IP, it is worth noting something distinctive about the discipline of political science.
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Before we grapple with the “constructivist” approach to IP, it is worth noting something distinctive about the discipline of political science.

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Different disciplines define and organize themselves in different ways.
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Different disciplines define and organize themselves in different ways.

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Historians define themselves as those who adhere to a particular methodology: the construction of narrative.
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Historians define themselves as those who adhere to a particular methodology: the construction of narrative.

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As chroniclers, they may simply hope to document the progression of events and lower the barriers to understanding that progression.
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As chroniclers, they may simply hope to document the progression of events and lower the barriers to understanding that progression.

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №8
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Historians are meant to be competent to discuss all the big issues within the context of their chosen time and space.
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Historians are meant to be competent to discuss all the big issues within the context of their chosen time and space.

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Economists define themselves according to a specific approach—a specific framework and methodology.
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Economists define themselves according to a specific approach—a specific framework and methodology.

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In general, economists attempt to explain how individuals maximize their preferences given environmental constraints.
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In general, economists attempt to explain how individuals maximize their preferences given environmental constraints.

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As Barry Eichengreen (an economist) put it…
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As Barry Eichengreen (an economist) put it…

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The discipline of political science, by contrast, is defined rather differently from the disciplines of history and economics.
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The discipline of political science, by contrast, is defined rather differently from the disciplines of history and economics.

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Political science is a discipline defined by its substantive concern—politics—rather than its approach or methodology.
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Political science is a discipline defined by its substantive concern—politics—rather than its approach or methodology.

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To be a political scientist, one must study any of the many facets of politics…
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To be a political scientist, one must study any of the many facets of politics…

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In terms of approach, however, political science is quite pluralistic.
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In terms of approach, however, political science is quite pluralistic.

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These substantive issues of politics are studied in any number of ways, using…
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These substantive issues of politics are studied in any number of ways, using…

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Thus, there is no distinctive “political scientific” approach.
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Thus, there is no distinctive “political scientific” approach.

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A critic would say that this makes political science schizophrenic and deeply fractured.
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A critic would say that this makes political science schizophrenic and deeply fractured.

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №20
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Constructivism, in fact, was the product of this kind of intellectual cross-fertilization.
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Constructivism, in fact, was the product of this kind of intellectual cross-fertilization.

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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is...
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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is what states make of it”

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While Waltz, Mearsheimer, Keohane, Axelrod, Russett, et al, come to different conclusions about IP, their approach to studying IP is essentially the...
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While Waltz, Mearsheimer, Keohane, Axelrod, Russett, et al, come to different conclusions about IP, their approach to studying IP is essentially the same.

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №24
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These theorists all think about states in the international system in the same way that economists think about actors in markets.
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These theorists all think about states in the international system in the same way that economists think about actors in markets.

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They all employ (often explicitly) the economists’ “rational choice” approach. Thus, they are sometimes called rationalists.
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They all employ (often explicitly) the economists’ “rational choice” approach. Thus, they are sometimes called rationalists.

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These rationalists explain how actors maximize their goals given various constraints. But they pay little attention to the source of these actors’...
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These rationalists explain how actors maximize their goals given various constraints. But they pay little attention to the source of these actors’ goals. Instead, these preferences are treated as exogenously determined—as determined outside the political process.

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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is...
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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is what states make of it”

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Constructivists utilize a different approach and pursue different questions.
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Constructivists utilize a different approach and pursue different questions.

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Constructivists want to ask: how are these actors’ all-important preferences formed in the first place?
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Constructivists want to ask: how are these actors’ all-important preferences formed in the first place?

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These constructivists want to endogenize several of the elements that rationalists treat as exogneously determined.
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These constructivists want to endogenize several of the elements that rationalists treat as exogneously determined.

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Or, as Katzenstein and Wendt put it…
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Or, as Katzenstein and Wendt put it…

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“[T]his book makes problematic the state interests that predominant explanations of national security often take for granted.” (Katzenstein, 1)
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“[T]his book makes problematic the state interests that predominant explanations of national security often take for granted.” (Katzenstein, 1)

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №34
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №35
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №36
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“It is through reciprocal interaction, in other words, that we create and instantiate the relatively enduring social structures in terms of which we...
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“It is through reciprocal interaction, in other words, that we create and instantiate the relatively enduring social structures in terms of which we define our identities and interests.” (Wendt, 406)

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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is...
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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is what states make of it”

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According to constructivists, constructivism is not a theory or a “school” of theories.
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According to constructivists, constructivism is not a theory or a “school” of theories.

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Constructivists also see “rationalism” as an approach rather than as an individual theory or school of theories.
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Constructivists also see “rationalism” as an approach rather than as an individual theory or school of theories.

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But the two approaches differ significantly along several dimensions…
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But the two approaches differ significantly along several dimensions…

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THE RATIONALIST APPROACH The Rationalist Ontology The Rationalist Epistemology Some Differences between Rationalists
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THE RATIONALIST APPROACH The Rationalist Ontology The Rationalist Epistemology Some Differences between Rationalists

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The Rationalist Ontology
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The Rationalist Ontology

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The Rationalist Ontology
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The Rationalist Ontology

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The Rationalist Epistemology States are assumed to enjoy (bounded) rationality States attempt to use strategies to maximize their preferences given...
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The Rationalist Epistemology States are assumed to enjoy (bounded) rationality States attempt to use strategies to maximize their preferences given their constraints Different theories specify different values for these building blocks

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №46
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Some Differences between Rationalists
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Some Differences between Rationalists

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THE CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH The Constructivist Ontology The Constructivist Epistemology Some Differences between Constructivists
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THE CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH The Constructivist Ontology The Constructivist Epistemology Some Differences between Constructivists

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The Constructivist Ontology
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The Constructivist Ontology

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The Constructivist Ontology
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The Constructivist Ontology

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The Constructivist Epistemology Structure (interests, environment, and strategies) cannot be understood apart from process (international...
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The Constructivist Epistemology Structure (interests, environment, and strategies) cannot be understood apart from process (international interaction) States construct these elements through their interaction

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №52
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №53
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Constructivism “Lite”
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Constructivism “Lite”

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Constructivism “Heavy”
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Constructivism “Heavy”

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №56
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Approach to IP
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Approach to IP

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №58
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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is...
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Lec 6: Constructivist Approaches The Discipline of Political Science Rationalism Constructivism Rationalism & Constructivism Compared “Anarchy is what states make of it”

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №60
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №61
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №62
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №63
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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №64
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“I argue that self-help and power politics do not follow either logically or causally from anarchy and that if today we find ourselves in a self-help...
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“I argue that self-help and power politics do not follow either logically or causally from anarchy and that if today we find ourselves in a self-help world, this is due to process, not structure. There is no ‘logic’ of anarchy apart from the practices that create and instantiate one structure of identities and interests rather than another; structure has no existence or causal powers apart from process. Self-help and power politics are institutions, not essential features of anarchy. Anarchy is what states make of it.” (Wendt, 394-95)

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Here’s an example…
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Here’s an example…

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In the late 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev deliberately reshaped the rhetoric that had defined the relationship between the US and the USSR. He worked to...
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In the late 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev deliberately reshaped the rhetoric that had defined the relationship between the US and the USSR. He worked to transform the two states’ identities and interests from being antithetical to being compatible. As he later put it, “We wanted a new set of international relationships that would make it possible to address global issues [like identity and globalization].”

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As Wendt would argue, structural features like the distribution of power matter less than how we interpret those circumstances. After all, is the...
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As Wendt would argue, structural features like the distribution of power matter less than how we interpret those circumstances. After all, is the power going to someone we consider to be a friend or an enemy? How do our two states usually resolve our differences? Via international regimes or through force?

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Constructivist Approaches to International Politics, слайд №69
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To Do… Keep thinking about your papers Goldstein & Keohane: Develop an Outline of a Critical Analysis
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To Do… Keep thinking about your papers Goldstein & Keohane: Develop an Outline of a Critical Analysis

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