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Вы можете ознакомиться и скачать презентацию на тему Control Structures. Доклад-сообщение содержит 28 слайдов. Презентации для любого класса можно скачать бесплатно. Если материал и наш сайт презентаций Mypresentation Вам понравились – поделитесь им с друзьями с помощью социальных кнопок и добавьте в закладки в своем браузере.

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Control Structures Week 3

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2.15 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition Counter-controlled repetition requires Name of control variable/loop counter Initial value of control variable Condition to test for final value Increment/decrement to modify control variable when looping

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1 // Fig. 2.16: fig02_16.cpp 2 // Counter-controlled repetition. 3 #include 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 // function main begins program execution 9 int main() 10 { 11 int counter = 1; // initialization 12 13 while ( counter

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2.15 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition The declaration int counter = 1; Names counter Declares counter to be an integer Reserves space for counter in memory Sets counter to an initial value of 1

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2.16 for Repetition Structure General format when using for loops for ( initialization; LoopContinuationTest; increment ) statement Example for( int counter = 1; counter

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1 // Fig. 2.17: fig02_17.cpp 2 // Counter-controlled repetition with the for structure. 3 #include 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 // function main begins program execution 9 int main() 10 { 11 // Initialization, repetition condition and incrementing 12 // are all included in the for structure header. 13 14 for ( int counter = 1; counter

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2.16 for Repetition Structure for loops can usually be rewritten as while loops initialization; while ( loopContinuationTest){ statement increment; } Initialization and increment For multiple variables, use comma-separated lists for (int i = 0, j = 0; j + i

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1 // Fig. 2.20: fig02_20.cpp 2 // Summation with for. 3 #include 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 // function main begins program execution 9 int main() 10 { 11 int sum = 0; // initialize sum 12 13 // sum even integers from 2 through 100 14 for ( int number = 2; number

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2.17 Examples Using the for Structure Program to calculate compound interest A person invests $1000.00 in a savings account yielding 5 percent interest. Assuming that all interest is left on deposit in the account, calculate and print the amount of money in the account at the end of each year for 10 years. Use the following formula for determining these amounts: a = p(1+r) p is the original amount invested (i.e., the principal), r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of years and a is the amount on deposit at the end of the n-th year

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1 // Fig. 2.21: fig02_21.cpp 2 // Calculating compound interest. 3 #include 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::endl; 7 using std::ios; 8 using std::fixed; 9 10 #include 11 12 using std::setw; 13 using std::setprecision; 14 15 #include // enables program to use function pow 16 17 // function main begins program execution 18 int main() 19 { 20 double amount; // amount on deposit 21 double principal = 1000.0; // starting principal 22 double rate = .05; // interest rate 23

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24 // output table column heads 25 cout

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Year Amount on deposit 1 1050.00 2 1102.50 3 1157.63 4 1215.51 5 1276.28 6 1340.10 7 1407.10 8 1477.46 9 1551.33 10 1628.89

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2.19 do/while Repetition Structure Similar to while structure Makes loop continuation test at end, not beginning Loop body executes at least once Format do { statement } while ( condition );

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2.19 do/while Repetition Structure

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1 // Fig. 2.24: fig02_24.cpp 2 // Using the do/while repetition structure. 3 #include 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 // function main begins program execution 9 int main() 10 { 11 int counter = 1; // initialize counter 12 13 do { 14 cout

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2.20 break and continue Statements break statement Immediate exit from while, for, do/while, switch Program continues with first statement after structure Common uses Escape early from a loop Skip the remainder of switch

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1 // Fig. 2.26: fig02_26.cpp 2 // Using the break statement in a for structure. 3 #include 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 // function main begins program execution 9 int main() 10 { 11 12 int x; // x declared here so it can be used after the loop 13 14 // loop 10 times 15 for ( x = 1; x

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26 27 return 0; // indicate successful termination 28 29 } // end function main

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2.20 break and continue Statements continue statement Used in while, for, do/while Skips remainder of loop body Proceeds with next iteration of loop while and do/while structure Loop-continuation test evaluated immediately after the continue statement for structure Increment expression executed Next, loop-continuation test evaluated

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1 // Fig. 2.27: fig02_27.cpp 2 // Using the continue statement in a for structure. 3 #include 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::endl; 7 8 // function main begins program execution 9 int main() 10 { 11 // loop 10 times 12 for ( int x = 1; x

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26 27 } // end function main

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2.21 Structured-Programming Summary Structured programming Programs easier to understand, test, debug and modify Rules for structured programming Only use single-entry/single-exit control structures Rules 1) Begin with the “simplest flowchart” 2) Any rectangle (action) can be replaced by two rectangles (actions) in sequence 3) Any rectangle (action) can be replaced by any control structure (sequence, if, if/else, switch, while, do/while or for) 4) Rules 2 and 3 can be applied in any order and multiple times

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2.21 Structured-Programming Summary

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2.21 Structured-Programming Summary All programs broken down into Sequence Selection if, if/else, or switch Any selection can be rewritten as an if statement Repetition while, do/while or for Any repetition structure can be rewritten as a while statement