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Слайды и текст этой презентации

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PLS 140 Introduction to comparative politics Week 2 – August 24 State structure

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Centenno vs Tilly Centenno questions Tilly’s theory: War → Fiscal capacities (penetration, army, bureaucracy)→State. The model does not work in Latin America where State structures did not reach a minimum threshold. State precedes war. LA States unable to collect taxes.. not enough wealth! Income from extraction did not require bureaucratic development (customs revenues and international loans). The authorities met stiff resistance from powerful landowners.

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Modern State power - Legitimacy When someone or something is recognized and accepted as right and proper. Confers authority and power so that people abides by laws. Reciprocal responsibilities. Without it, the State would have to constantly use force. Examples?

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Max Weber’s typology Traditional: based on historical myths and continuity, institutionalized. Ex: British monarchy. Charismatic: based on the charisma of the leader and his/her ideas, +- institutionalized. Ex: Lenin, Gaddafi, Trump? Rational-legal: Based on neutral rules and procedures, highly institutionalized. Ex: elected presidents and parliaments.

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Centralization vs Decentralization

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Devolution of power Negotiated regional autonomy an effective antidote for ethnopolitical wars of secession in Western and Third World States. Provides religious, ethnic, and cultural minority groups with a political base in which they can control cultural and educational policies.

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Devolution of power Federalism: a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two (or more) levels of government. Ex: Germany, United States, Mexico, India. Asymmetric federalism: Power is divided unevenly between bodies. Ex: Canada, Spain, Russia.

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Canada’s asymmetric federalism 10 provinces, 3 territories. Provinces have their own elected parliaments and prime ministers. Separate spheres of competences. Taxation power.

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Canadian and provincial prime ministers

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Federal jurisdiction include: citizenship trade and commerce direct and indirect taxation currency the postal service national defence navigation, fisheries Aboriginals and Indian reserves official languages within the federal sphere, foreign affairs emergency powers in peace and war

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Provincial competencies Healthcare Education Culture Environment Transport Social security/care Sports For Québec only: international relations, immigration, pension plans.

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Problems with CA`s federalism Basic level: some administrative complications for citizens. Division over the allocation of resources: who gets what from the federal government? Blurred lines of respective competences. Endless constitutional debates. Political rivalry and resentment between provinces. Undermines national unity?

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Devolution gone wrong

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Unitary systems Central/national government has complete authority over other political divisions or administrative units. Local governing bodies serve as administrative arms of the central government. Of the 193 UN member states, 165 of them are unitary States.

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KZ`s unitary State 14 Provinces and 2 municipal districts (Almaty and Astana). Akim is appointed by the president. Municipal Akims are appointed by Province Akims.

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Pro et contra Pro Clear rules → Efficiency and promptness. Political unity. Contra Potential absence of local democracy. Likeliness of local interests not represented. Risks of authoritarian practices.