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Слайды и текст этой презентации

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Politics in Britain The political system

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Plan: 1/ Constitutional monarchy vs parliamentary democracy The basic legal documents in the UK The governing monarch and her family, their functions The branches of power: legislative, executive and judiciary The Parliament, its Houses, the Cabinet and Prime Minister 2/ The role of the Political Parties in the UK, system of election

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The System of government The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy

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The UK is constitutional monarchy. This means that the official head of state is the monarch, but his or her powers are limited by the constitution. The British constitution is not written in any single document.

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Legal documents Magna Carta – the Great Charter - 1215 Petition of Rights – 1628- the power of Charles I was restricted Habeas Corpus Act – 1640 – during the Civil War Bill of Rights – 1689 – declared constitutional monarchy Statute of Westminster – 1931 – regulated the relations in the Commonwealth

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A monarch is trained from Birth for the position of Head of State and even when a younger brother succeeds, he too has enormous experience of his country, its people and its government. The people know who will succeed, and this certainly gives a nation invaluable continuity and stability. A monarch is trained from Birth for the position of Head of State and even when a younger brother succeeds, he too has enormous experience of his country, its people and its government. The people know who will succeed, and this certainly gives a nation invaluable continuity and stability.

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The Queen is the personification of the State. The Queen is the personification of the State. The Queen is the head of the executive power, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the Crown the temporal head of the established Church of England.

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THE QUEEN'S WORKING DAY The Queen has many different duties to perform every day: investitures, ceremonies, receptions or reading letters from the public, official papers and briefing notes; audiences with political ministers or ambassadors; meetings with her Private Secretaries to discuss her future diary plans.

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THE QUEEN'S CEREMONIAL DUTIES the State Opening of Parliament, Audiences with new ambassadors the presentation of decorations at Investitures the presentation of Maundy money the hosting of garden parties

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THE ROYAL FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL FAMILY

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The Queen's children

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The Queens grandchildren

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THE ROYAL RESIDENCES

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THE ROYAL RESIDENCES

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The organs of government in the United Kingdom are the legislature; the executive power; the judiciary.

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the legislature power belongs to Parliament which main function is law-making. the legislature power belongs to Parliament which main function is law-making.

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The House of Lords 574 life peers, 92 hereditary peers, 26 bishops

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The House of Commons The House of Commons is elected by an almost universal adult suffrage. There are at present 650 members of the House of Commons, who are elected by people every five years. Members of the House of Commons receive a salary for their parliamentary work and hold their seats during the life of a Parliament.

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Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice The rules how to behave in Parliament No reading No violency

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MPs are elected either at a general election or at a by-election following the death or retirement. MPs are elected either at a general election or at a by-election following the death or retirement. Parliamentary elections are held every 5 years and it is the Prime Minister who decides on the exact day of the election. The minimum voting age is 18. And the voting is taken by secret ballot. The election campaign lasts about 3 weeks.

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the executive power the executive power Is realized by: the Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown; Government departments; local authorities, who administer and manage many services at the local level; and statutory boards, which are responsible for the operation of particular nationalised industries or public services;

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The executive power of the Crown is exercised by the cabinet, headed by the prime minister.

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Five last prime ministers since… 1974-1976 Harold Wilson 1976-1979 James Callaghan 1979-1990 Margaret Thatcher 1990-1997 John Major 1997- 2007 Tony Blair 2007 – 2010 Gordon Brown 2010 - David Cameron

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Prime Minister Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury Minister for the Civil Service

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Each member of the Cabinet is a minister Each member of the Cabinet is a minister responsible for a government department.

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Chancellor of the Exchequer Chancellor of the Exchequer Responsibility Government spending Presents the Budget annually in March Lives at 11 Downing street

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Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Responsibility Relations with other countries

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Secretary of State for Justice Secretary of State for Justice Lord Chancellor

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Secretary of State for the Home Department Secretary of State for the Home Department Responsibility Internal relations The police Law and order Law courts

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Secretary of State for Education

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The Cabinet meets at the Prime Minister’s house – number 10 Downing street. The Cabinet meets at the Prime Minister’s house – number 10 Downing street.

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The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The leader of the shadow cabinet nowadays is Jeremy Corbyn.

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Political parties At present the main political groupings are the Conservative and Labour Parties and the Party of Liberal Democrats. There are also some other parties: the Social Democratic Party, the Scottish National and Welsh National Parties, the Communist Party of Great Britain and other small parties.

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The Conservative Party The Conservative Party often called the Tory Party, started as Royalists in the 17th century. It is the party of big business, industry, commerce and landowners. The party represents those who believe in private enterprise. The Tories are a mixture of the rich and privileged – the monopolists and landowners.

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The Liberal Party The Liberal Party began its activities as anti-Royalists. The Liberals represented the trading and manufacturing class in the 19th century. Their slogan was ‘Civil and Religious Liberties’. Later Liberals lost the support of working-class voters and made an alliance with Social Democrats. The Tories called the Liberals ‘Whigs’. A ‘whig’ was a Scottish preacher, who could preach moralising sermons for long hours.

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The Labour Party The Labour Party was established at the beginning of the last century. It was set up by the trade-unions and various small socialist groups. This party drew away working people’s support. Despite its many sincere and courageous fights, it soon came under the influence of imperialist ideas.

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Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain which existed from 1838 to 1858. It took its name from the People's Charter of 1838. The national chartist association was founded in Manchester.

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The People's Charter called for six reforms A vote for every man 21 years of age The Secret Ballot No Property Qualification for Members of Parliament Payment of Members. Equal Constituencies. Annual Parliament Elections.

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The party that obtains the majority of seats in the House is called the Government, and the others are the Opposition.

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The Government is The Government is the party which has the majority in the Parliament and the Queen appoints its leader as the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister appoints a team of main ministers as the Cabinet (about 20 people).