🗊 Have to - must

have to - must Френдак Галина Емельяновна, учитель английского языка Копьёвской средней школы

Learn “Tick”, the clock says, “Tick, tick, tick, What you have to do Do quick”.

Употребление have to необходимо что – то сделать в силу определенных обстоятельств I have to get up at 7 o’clock in the morning. (уроки начинаются в 8 часов) He has to be in a hurry not to miss a train. (поезд уходит по расписанию)

Утвердительное предложение We have to be in the theatre on time. Мы должны быть в театре вовремя.

Let’s practice 1. I … to come home at 5 o’clock. 2. My mother … to clean the floor every day. 3. We … to learn English. 4. My friends … to write a test. 5. They … to speak French to their guests from France. 6. He … to buy ticket for the train.

Отрицательное предложение You don’t have to pay for the book, it is a present. Тебе не нужно платить за книгу, это подарок.

Let us practice 1. My granny … have to work. 2. I … have to go now. 3. We … have to play football in winter. 4. Dan … have to see a doctor. 5. They … have to translate the text in pen.

Общий вопрос Do you have to go to school tomorrow? Does she have to go to school tomorrow?

Let us practice … you have to buy a ticket? … you have to go to school tomorrow? .. he have to answer this question? … they have to put on warm coat in winter? … she have to read history for tomorrow lesson?

Альтернативный вопрос Do you have to go to school or hospital tomorrow? Does he have to speak English or French?

Let’s practice My brother has to play football in school team. Мой брат или мой друг должен играть в футбол за школьную команду? Does my brother or my friend have to play football in school team? Мой брат должен играть в футбол или баскетбол в школьной команде. Does my brother have to play football or basketball in school team?

Разделительный вопрос I have to do my homework, don’t I? She has to play the piano, doesn’t she?

Специальный вопрос I have to get up at 7 o’clock tomorrow. Who has to get up at 7 o’clock tomorrow? When do I have to get up tomorrow?

Вопрос к подлежащему I have to get up at 7 o’clock tomorrow.

Let’s practice He doesn’t have to do his homework today. Who doesn’t have to do his homework today? What doesn’t he have to do today? When does he have to do his homework?

Употребление must Для выражения обязанности Для того, чтобы дать настойчивую рекомендацию I must help my mother. You must watch this film. It’s interesting.

must I must go to school every day You must go to school every day He must go to school every day She must go to school every day It must go to school every day We must go to school every day They must go to school every day

Утвердительные предложения I must do this exercise in pen.

Let’s practice Ты должен прочитать эту книгу. You must read this book. Мой брат должен погулять с собакой. My brother must walk the dog. Нам нужно навестить больного друга. We must visit our sick friend. Мне нужно убрать в доме сегодня. I must clean the house today.

Отрицательное предложение You mustn’t cross the street when the light is red. Нельзя пересекать улицу на красный свет.

Let’s practice Нельзя ходить по льду, это опасно. You mustn’t walk on the ice, it is dangerous. Нельзя управлять машиной, если тебе 12. You mustn’t drive the car if you are 12. Нельзя играть на дороге, это опасно. You mustn’t play on the road, it is dangerous. Нельзя ходить по крыше, ты можешь упасть. You mustn’t walk on the roof, you may fall down.

Общий вопрос My sister must help my mum. Must my sister help my mum?

Let’s practice We must be polite with the adults. Must we be polite with the adults? Children must work hard at school. Must children work hard at school? People mustn’t drop litter in the streets. Must people drop litter in the streets? People mustn’t wash cars in the rivers. Must people wash cars in the rivers?

Специальный вопрос I must visit my granny, because she is ill. Why must I visit my granny? Whom must I visit? What must I do?

Let’s practice Children must study all school subjects because they will be useful for their exams. Who must study all school subjects? What must children study? Why must children study all school subjects?

Translate into Russian 1. You must work hard at your English lessons. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school on time. 7. Don’t ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9. I must help my mother today. 10. Don’t worry! This is not important. – Not important! You must be joking!  

must or have to 1.I … get up early today. I want to do my job. 2. He … write a test in Literature. 3. I … go, I … help mum with dinner. 4. You … watch this film, it is funny. 5. I miss a train, I … be in a hurry. 6. You … go, thin ice! 7. You … pay for this book, it is a present. 8. My granny is ill. I … visit her today.

must or have to (keys) 1.I must get up early today. I want to do my job. 2. He has to write a test in Literature. 3. I must go, I must help mum with dinner. 4. You must watch this film, it is funny. 5. I miss a train, I have to be in a hurry. 6. You mustn’t go, thin ice! 7. You don’t have to pay for this book, it is a present. 8. My granny is ill. I must visit her today.

должен have to (должен в силу обстоятельств) must (должен по личным причинам, я так считаю)

нельзя Mustn’t (нельзя, опасно для жизни) don’t have to (нет необходимости)

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