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Zaporizhzhya State Medical University Analytical Chemistry Department Acid-base equilibrium in biological systems Lecturer: Monaykina Yulia Vitalievna 2016

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Electrolytes are the substances which solutions conduct electric current. In 1884 S. Arrhenius founded a comprehensive theory which is known as theory of electrolytic dissociation or ionic theory.

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Protolytic equilibrium in water Protolytic equilibrium in water The ionization of water is accompanied by the transfer of a proton from one water molecule to another and is called autoprotolysis. Water is a weak amphoteric electrolyte. H2О ↔ H+ + OH- Autoprotolysis of water is described by the equilibrium constant called water autoprotolysis constant or ion product of water: Kw = [H+] ∙ [OH-] =10-14

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Hydrogen ion exponent Hydrogen ion exponent In pure liquid water (neutral medium) concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are the same: [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 рН = – lg[H+] = 7 рОН = –lg[ОH-] = 7 pKw = pH + pOH = 14 рН is hydrogen ion exponent – a value that is equal to negative decimal logarithm of hydrogen ions concentration (mole/litre).

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BUFFER SOLUTIONS are the solutions which pH values do not practically change when moderate amounts of either a strong acid or a strong base are added and also as a result of dilution. Buffer solutions consist of weak acids and their salts (conjugate bases) or of weak bases and their salts (conjugate acids).

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Buffer systems of blood Buffer systems of blood are the most important among the buffer systems of all biological fluids. Hydrocarbonate and phosphate buffers are present in blood plasma and in erythrocytes. Proteins buffer system is in plasma. Hemoglobin buffer system is in erythrocytes.