🗊Презентация Introduction to metabolism

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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №1Introduction to metabolism, слайд №2Introduction to metabolism, слайд №3Introduction to metabolism, слайд №4Introduction to metabolism, слайд №5Introduction to metabolism, слайд №6Introduction to metabolism, слайд №7Introduction to metabolism, слайд №8Introduction to metabolism, слайд №9Introduction to metabolism, слайд №10Introduction to metabolism, слайд №11Introduction to metabolism, слайд №12Introduction to metabolism, слайд №13Introduction to metabolism, слайд №14Introduction to metabolism, слайд №15Introduction to metabolism, слайд №16Introduction to metabolism, слайд №17Introduction to metabolism, слайд №18Introduction to metabolism, слайд №19Introduction to metabolism, слайд №20Introduction to metabolism, слайд №21Introduction to metabolism, слайд №22
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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №1
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Introduction to Metabolism
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Introduction to Metabolism

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Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell
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Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell

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A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product The product of one reaction is substrate of the next Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
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A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product The product of one reaction is substrate of the next Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme

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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №5
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CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM) Release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds EX: digestive enzymes break down food CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM) Release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds EX: digestive enzymes break down food ANABOLIC PATHWAY (ANABOLISM) consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones EX: linking amino acids to form proteins
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CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM) Release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds EX: digestive enzymes break down food CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM) Release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds EX: digestive enzymes break down food ANABOLIC PATHWAY (ANABOLISM) consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones EX: linking amino acids to form proteins

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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №7
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Forms of Energy ENERGY = capacity to cause change Energy exists in various forms (some of which can perform work) Energy can be converted from one form to another
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Forms of Energy ENERGY = capacity to cause change Energy exists in various forms (some of which can perform work) Energy can be converted from one form to another

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KINETIC ENERGY – energy associated with motion KINETIC ENERGY – energy associated with motion HEAT (thermal energy) is kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules POTENTIAL ENERGY = energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure CHEMICAL energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
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KINETIC ENERGY – energy associated with motion KINETIC ENERGY – energy associated with motion HEAT (thermal energy) is kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules POTENTIAL ENERGY = energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure CHEMICAL energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №10
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THERMODYNAMICS = the study of energy transformations THERMODYNAMICS = the study of energy transformations CLOSED system (EX: liquid in a thermos) = isolated from its surroundings OPEN system energy + matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings Organisms are open systems
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THERMODYNAMICS = the study of energy transformations THERMODYNAMICS = the study of energy transformations CLOSED system (EX: liquid in a thermos) = isolated from its surroundings OPEN system energy + matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings Organisms are open systems

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The First Law of Thermodynamics = energy of the universe is constant Energy can be transferred and transformed Energy cannot be created or destroyed The first law is also called the principle of CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
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The First Law of Thermodynamics = energy of the universe is constant Energy can be transferred and transformed Energy cannot be created or destroyed The first law is also called the principle of CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

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The Second Law of Thermodynamics During every energy transfer or transformation entropy (disorder) of the universe INCREASES some energy is unusable, often lost as heat
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics During every energy transfer or transformation entropy (disorder) of the universe INCREASES some energy is unusable, often lost as heat

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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №14
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Free-Energy Change (G) can help tell which reactions will happen ∆G = change in free energy ∆H = change in total energy (enthalpy) or change ∆S = entropy T = temperature ∆G = ∆H - T∆S Only processes with a negative ∆G are spontaneous Spontaneous processes can be harnessed to perform work
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Free-Energy Change (G) can help tell which reactions will happen ∆G = change in free energy ∆H = change in total energy (enthalpy) or change ∆S = entropy T = temperature ∆G = ∆H - T∆S Only processes with a negative ∆G are spontaneous Spontaneous processes can be harnessed to perform work

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Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions in Metabolism EXERGONIC reactions (- ∆G) Release energy are spontaneous ENDERGONIC reactions (+ ∆G) Absorb energy from their surroundings are non-spontaneous
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Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions in Metabolism EXERGONIC reactions (- ∆G) Release energy are spontaneous ENDERGONIC reactions (+ ∆G) Absorb energy from their surroundings are non-spontaneous

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Concept 8.3: ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions A cell does three main kinds of work: Mechanical Transport Chemical In the cell, the energy from the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an endergonic reaction Overall, the coupled reactions are exergonic
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Concept 8.3: ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions A cell does three main kinds of work: Mechanical Transport Chemical In the cell, the energy from the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an endergonic reaction Overall, the coupled reactions are exergonic

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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №18
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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №19
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Introduction to metabolism, слайд №22
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