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Introductory Unit on Electricity For: Lafayette Elementary 2nd Grade Mrs. Barranco By: Jon D. Wilson, NMGK-12 Fellow

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Concepts Covered Electricity basics electricity vocabulary sources of electricity Circuits basic definition series and parallel break in the circuit

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Concepts Covered Power Grid basic parts of the power grid definition of the parts Electricity and Solar Energy Fun electricity kit for playing with circuits (inquiry) solar power kits and car (how it works)

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Electricity – Part I An Introduction

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What is Electricity? Electricity is generated from the motion of tiny charged atomic particles called electrons and protons! Protons = + Electrons = -

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Types of Sources used to make Electricity Thermal Geothermal Nuclear Hydroelectric Solar Wind

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Pictures of each Source

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How do we get Electricity? Energy from one of the sources is converted by machines at the power plant to Electricity and then put onto the Electric Power Grid Electric Power Grid Power Plants Transmission Lines Substations Power Lines Transformers Electrical Wiring and Circuit Box

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Pictures of each piece of the Power Grid!

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Your Electric Vocabulary Circuit Transformer Series Circuit Parallel Circuit Insulator Conductor Proton Electron

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Life without Electricity---!!! How would you prepare your lunch? How would you wash clothes? When would you go to bed? Think about all the luxuries the discovery of Electricity has brought us! No Television No Radio No Lights

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Inventors and Inventions 1752 – Lightning Rod 1879 – Light Bulb Ben Franklin Thomas Edison 1800 – Electric Battery 1888 – AC Power Count Alessandro Volta Nikola Tesla 1805 – Refrigerator 1910 – Flashlight Oliver Evans Conrad Hubert 1876 – Telephone 1920 – Traffic Light Alexander Graham Bell Garrett Morgan

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More Inventors and Inventions 1927 – Television 1973 – Internet Philo T. Farnsworth Vinton Cerf 1945 – Computer 1991 - WWW Mauchley and Presper Tim Berners-Lee 1954 – Microwave 1955 – TV Remote Percy Spencer Eugene Polley

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Electricity – Part II Fun Fun Fun with Activities….

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Station # 1 - Magnets Materials: 1 set of double-sided magnets 1 set of bar magnets (if possible) small cup of metal shavings (if possible)

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Station # 1 - Follow Directions First, rub the balloon on your head and describe what it does when you bring it near your hair (It is best to let the group member with the longest hair do this). Answer: It makes the hair stand on end. If the balloon is positively charged (+), then which charge is in your hair? Answer: negatively charged because they attract. If you rub the balloon on your head for 5 seconds (have a group member time you), how many pieces of paper can you pick up? If you rub the balloon on your head for 10 seconds, can more pieces of paper be picked up? Answer: More pieces get picked up because there is more charge. What do you think…? Can this balloon be used to make a light bulb light up? Answer: Yes, but it will only light up for a split second.

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Station # 1 - Diagram Simple Bar Magnet Results

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Station # 2 - Static Electricity Materials: 1 balloon 10 small pieces of paper 1 light bulb

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Station # 2 - Follow Directions Place the magnets together. Then turn one of them over on its other side and see what happens when you bring the magnets close together. Describe what you see and why what you see happens? Answer: The magnets will stick to each other when you have their opposite charged sides facing each other, and they will repel each other when the sides with like charges are facing each other.

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Station # 2 - Diagram Static Electricity

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Station # 3 - Insulators and Conductors Materials: 1 Circuit with a 9-volt battery 1 pencil and piece of paper 1 nail 1 match stick 1 paper clip 1 penny 1 eraser

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Station # 3 - Follow Directions Before putting each item into the circuit, list which ones you think will be conductors and which will be insulators? Answer: the nail, the paper clip, and the penny are all conductors. Place each item into the circuit and see what happens (Conductors will keep the light working while insulators will not allow electricity to pass and light up the light bulb).

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Station # 3 - Diagram Insulators and Conductors

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Station # 4 - Circuit Trivia Materials: 1 pre-made circuit (with wires and battery) two styrophone cups 4 paper clips one cup of salt water one cup of regular tap water

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Station # 4 - Follow Directions This is a circuit like the one at Station #3. Instead of using one of the items like a paper clip or an eraser, a cup of both fresh water and salt water is used. Do you think both of them will allow the light to keep working or just one? Answer: Both cups of water conduct electricity, but salt water has more floating charges called “ions.” The light will be brighter when hooked up to this cup. Explain what you think? Answer: ???????

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Station # 4 - Diagram

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Electricity – Part III Electricity costs money! Safety tips! Guest speaker tells all!

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How you can save electricity and money? Light bulb - 0.3 to 0.5 cents per hour Color TV – 0.8 cents per hour Computer – 1.5 cents per hour Average Shower – 15 cents per shower Freezer – 3.7 cents per hour Stereo – 2.5 cents per hour Water Heater – 22.5 cents per hour

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Always play it safe! Safety rules 1 – Never climb trees near power lines 2 – Never go around downed power lines or substations 3 – Never use electrical appliances near the bathtub 4 – Stay away from all electrical equipment (meters, transformers, etc.) 5 – Do not swim or play outside on a stormy day 6 – Never put fingers or other objects near electrical outlets 7 – Obey all safety signs 8 – Never use appliances with cords showing bare wire

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Safety in a storm! Stay away from tall objects such as trees Stay out of open fields or areas where YOU are the tallest thing If your hair stands on end, crouch low to the ground with as little of your body in contact with the ground as possible

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Electricity Trivia How does a bird stand on a power line and not get shocked? How does lightning work?

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Lightning and how to be safe

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Guest Speaker: Mr. Roy Dean Williams North East Mississippi Electric Power Association provides power to residents living in the Lafayette County area Main topic: Safety around electricity His job requires him to understand how electricity works and how to play it safe around electricity Electricity tour around Lafayette Elementary

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Electricity – Part IV **This part should be used to challenge 2nd and 3rd graders! Exploration of Solar Power Experimenting with the Electric Box Putting it all together……DESIGNING!!!

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Exploring Solar Power

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Exploring the Solar Power - Kits

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Exploring the Solar Power - Cars

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Exploring the Solar Power - Options

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Experimenting with the Electric Box

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Experimenting with the Electric Box

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Putting it all together….DESIGN!!!

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References

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More References

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Total Materials and Price List Radio Shack Electronic Sensor Lab Cat.#: 28-278 Model: 28-278 $49.99 9 volt battery 9 volt battery cap 6 colored alligotor clipped wires Orange LED with Holder Cat.#: 276-272 Model: 276-272 $2.19 Green LED with Holder Cat.#: 276-271 Model: 276-271 $2.19

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Total Materials and Price List Edmund Scientific 0.45V/400mA Encapsulated Solar Cell CR30398-10 $5.95 Photon Solar Racer Kit CR30528-82 $24.95 Sunlite Science Kit CR30822-20 $24.95 Solar Beads CR30823-63 $7.95 Solar Electricity Kit CR30012-31 $9.95

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Total Materials and Price List Booksamillion Janice Van Cleave’s Electricity 0471310107 $9.25 Ages 8-12 Lightning 0876146590 $19.95 Ages 6-9 Flash, Crash, Rumble, and Roll 0064451798 $4.95 Ages 5-9 I Can Read about Thunder and Lightning 0816744459 $7.95 Ages 3-8

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Total Materials and Price List Booksamillion Ben Franklin’s Adventures with Electricity 0812097904 $5.95 Ages 9-12 Ben Franklin and Electricity 0791030067 $16.58 Ages 9-12 All About Electricity 0590480774 $3.95 Ages 4-8 The Magic School Bus and the Electric Field Trip with Bookmark 0590446835 $4.99 Ages 6-9