🗊Презентация Narrative Tenses

Narrative Tenses Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous USED TO/WOULD COULD/WAS ABLE TO/SUCCEED IN/MANAGED TO PAST MODALS

Past Simple An action in the past in the specific time (last month, 6 months ago and etc.) For a single repeated action in the past: I went to work by bus every day. Use when you tell about main event or sequence of events happened one after another Ex.: I picked up the children from the school and drove to the supermarket. Later we altogether made the wonderful dinner..

Past Continuous To describe the scene or a background to a story (use words: when, while) Ex. I was having the shower when suddenly somebody knocked the door. activities or situations that were in progress when another action took place We were discussing the final question when my computer broke down.

Past Perfect Simple Past actions that took place before the main past events in a story Ex. I arrived at the office and I realized that I had left the stove turned on. Ex. He looked everywhere but he couldn’t find the book he had promised to lend to his friend.

Past Perfect Continuous Past actions in progress that took place before the main past events in a story Ex. He didn’t hear the phone, because he had been reading. Ex. He was tired in the evening because he had been working all day in the garden.

Cris’s car crashed because he was driving too fast and he had drunk a lot of wine before the accident.

Used to + verb Habits and states that took place in the past but do not happen or exist now Use when time is not specified: when I was younger, in my childhood, many years ago… Ex. I used to have very long hair. (Now I have short hair) Ex. He used to live in USA when he was 10. (Now he lives in Spain) Ex. I used to have problems with my computer. (repeated actions)

STATES: USE ONLY WITH USED TO + verb

Examples: + I used to travel when I was younger. - I didn’t use to travel when I was younger. Did you use to travel …?

Would + verb Habits that took place in the past but do not happen now. (nostalgia) Ex. When I was young, I would sit in the park drinking a cup of coffee. DO NOT USE WOULD with a state! I used to like Madonna. NOT I would like Madonna ! If you describe a sequence of habitual events, use used to + verb for the first verb, and then would to subsequent verb.

COULD or WAS/WERE ABLE TO the possibility of doing something in the past the ability or inability (not succeeding in something) in the past Ex. I could swim when I was younger. (ability, NOT success) I was able to ride a horse. He couldn’t remember her name. They weren’t able to finish their work by that time.

USE ONLY! WAS/WERE ABLE TO to talk about success in achieving something at a specific time in the past. Ex. I was able to reach him by phone. I couldn’t reach him by phone. (NOT I could reach him) We were able to get to the top of the mountain.

MANAGE TO/SUCCEED IN ability or success in achieving (or not achieving) something at a specific time in the past I managed to do everything which was planned. I succeeded in contacting him at once. I didn’t manage to + infinitive I didn’t succeed in + gerund

MUST/HAVE TO MUST in the past -> HAD TO use when there is a necessity to do something at a specific time in the past Ex. I had to leave the meeting earlier. Did you have to leave the meeting earlier?

could/may/might have + V3/ed use could have/may have/might have to talk about possible actions of imagined past events. If you hadn’t told me the direction, I could have been/might have been lost. use couldn’t have to talk about impossible things. His car wasn’t outside. He couldn’t have been at home.

must have + V3/ed use must have + past participle to express a deduction/speculation about something in the past Ex. He didn’t answer to me. He must have been very busy.

should have + V3/ed use should have/shouldn’t have to talk about regrets, or criticize past actions. I told you not do that. You should have listened to me. They shouldn’t have invested so much in one area of the business.

INVERSION WITH ADVERBIAL PHRASES No sooner... than Not only…, (but) also Not until… Such… that… So + adjective… that Only when (+subject + verb), (inverted verb form) Only + clause Only by (+ing)… Hardly… when… Never… Little…

Ex. No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train came. (=I arrived and then the train came right after me) note! did I arrive also possible to use. Ex. No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train came. (=I arrived and then the train came right after me) note! did I arrive also possible to use. Ex. Not only did he forget about my birthday, but he also didn’t apologize for that. Ex. Not until I got home did I realize that my wallet was missing. Ex. Such was a beautiful day that we couldn’t stay at home. / So beautiful was the day that we couldn’t stay at home. Ex. Only when I filled my glass did I realize that it was broken.

Ex. Only by working hard we can succeed. Ex. Only by working hard we can succeed. Ex. Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang. Ex. Never had she seen such a beautiful place before. Ex. Little did he know about what happened.

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