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Phonetic Expressive Means and Devices

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Phonetic EMs and devices

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3. Onomatopoeia is a combination of speech sounds which aim at imitating sounds produced in nature (wind, sea, thunder), by things (machines, tools), by people (sighing, laughter, crying) and by animals. Onomatopoeia is based on metonymy.

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Onomatopoeia is often based on and combined with alliteration; may carry on an aesthetic function: act pleasurably or unpleasurably on the reader’s feelings. is the poetic device by which sound is used to communicate sense. The moan of doves in immemorial elms. And murmuring of innumerable bees.

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Onomatopoeia Direct - is contained in words that imitate natural sounds: buzz, cuckoo, ding-dong… Indirect - is a combination of sounds, the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an echo of its sense (echo-writing): And the silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of each purple curtain. (E.A. Poe) Indirect O. demands some mention of what makes the sound.

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4. Rhythm is a regular alteration of similar or equal units of speech; is a flow, movement, procedure, etc., characterized by basically regular recurrence of elements or features as beat, or accent, in alternation with opposite or different elements or features.

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5. Rhyme is the repetition of identical or similar terminal sound combinations. Rhyming words are generally placed at a regular distance from each other. In verse they are usually placed at the end of the corresponding lines.

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Rhyme is one of the means of creating euphony. In poetry rhyme is considered to be quite normal; in prose it sounds pretty abnormal, is considered to be a violation of euphony. Yet, some authors resort to rhyming in order to achieve a humorous or satirical effect: Billy, don’t think me silly.

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= the similarity of sounds: Full rhyme (perfect) – the likeness between the vowel sounds in the last stressed syllables and all sounds that follow them: tenderly – slenderly; finding – binding; know – though. Imperfect (slant rhymes) – usually the similarity to the eye, or spelling similarity (eye-rhymes): proved – loved; brood – blood; slow – law, dizzy – easy.

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= the structure of rhymes Masculine (single) – the similarity of one stressed final syllable: plain – rain; find – declined; Feminine (double) – the similarity of one stressed syll. followed by one unstressed syll.: daughter – water, mountain – fountain; Dactyl (triple) – the similarity of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables: affection – reflection; magnanimity – sublimity.

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The functions of rhyme it signalizes the end of a line, marks the arrangement of lines into stanzas; makes rhythm manifest and easily perceptible; adds greater prominence to the most emphatic place in a poetic line – the end.