🗊Презентация The translation and transcription

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The translation and transcription, слайд №1The translation and transcription, слайд №2The translation and transcription, слайд №3The translation and transcription, слайд №4The translation and transcription, слайд №5The translation and transcription, слайд №6The translation and transcription, слайд №7The translation and transcription, слайд №8The translation and transcription, слайд №9The translation and transcription, слайд №10The translation and transcription, слайд №11The translation and transcription, слайд №12The translation and transcription, слайд №13The translation and transcription, слайд №14The translation and transcription, слайд №15The translation and transcription, слайд №16The translation and transcription, слайд №17The translation and transcription, слайд №18The translation and transcription, слайд №19The translation and transcription, слайд №20The translation and transcription, слайд №21The translation and transcription, слайд №22The translation and transcription, слайд №23
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The translation and transcription, слайд №1
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The translation and transcription
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The translation and transcription

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Learning objectives Specifies the translation and transcription
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Learning objectives Specifies the translation and transcription

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Success criteria Knows the definition of transcription and translation terms Defines the terms of transcription and translation Describes the processes of transcription and translation Using the table of the genetic code table can identify amino acids
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Success criteria Knows the definition of transcription and translation terms Defines the terms of transcription and translation Describes the processes of transcription and translation Using the table of the genetic code table can identify amino acids

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Central dogma of modern biology
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Central dogma of modern biology

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Central dogma of modern biology The Central Dogma. This states that once ‘information’ has passed into protein it cannot get out again. In more detail, the transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or of amino acid residues in the protein.
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Central dogma of modern biology The Central Dogma. This states that once ‘information’ has passed into protein it cannot get out again. In more detail, the transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or of amino acid residues in the protein.

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The translation and transcription, слайд №7
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The central dogma states that the pattern of information that occurs most frequently in our cells is: From existing DNA to make new DNA (DNA replication) From DNA to make new RNA (transcription) From RNA to make new proteins (translation).
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The central dogma states that the pattern of information that occurs most frequently in our cells is: From existing DNA to make new DNA (DNA replication) From DNA to make new RNA (transcription) From RNA to make new proteins (translation).

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Protein synthesis The first stage is called transcription. The next stage of protein synthesis is called translation.
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Protein synthesis The first stage is called transcription. The next stage of protein synthesis is called translation.

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Transcription Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
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Transcription Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

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Transcription In the nucleus, a complementary copy of the code from a gene is made by building a molecule of a different type of nucleic acid, called messenger RNA (mRNA), using one strand (the sense strand) as a template. Three RNA nucleotides are joined together by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process copies the DNA code onto an mRNA molecule. The last triplet transcribed onto mRNA is one of the DNA triplets coding for ‘stop’ - ATT, ATC or ACT
Описание слайда:
Transcription In the nucleus, a complementary copy of the code from a gene is made by building a molecule of a different type of nucleic acid, called messenger RNA (mRNA), using one strand (the sense strand) as a template. Three RNA nucleotides are joined together by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process copies the DNA code onto an mRNA molecule. The last triplet transcribed onto mRNA is one of the DNA triplets coding for ‘stop’ - ATT, ATC or ACT

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Transcription DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Meanwhile, mRNA is comparable to a copy from a reference book because it carries the same information as DNA but is not used for long-term storage and can freely exit the nucleus. Although the mRNA contains the same information, it is not an identical copy of the DNA segment, because its sequence is complementary to the DNA template. Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors.
Описание слайда:
Transcription DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Meanwhile, mRNA is comparable to a copy from a reference book because it carries the same information as DNA but is not used for long-term storage and can freely exit the nucleus. Although the mRNA contains the same information, it is not an identical copy of the DNA segment, because its sequence is complementary to the DNA template. Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors.

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The translation and transcription, слайд №13
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Translation Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
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Translation Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

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Translation Protein synthesis is called translation because this is when the DNA code is translated into an amino acid sequence. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The triplet of bases (an anticodon) of each tRNA links up with a complementary triplet (a codon) on the mRNA molecule. The amino acids are linked together as the polypeptide molecule is made.
Описание слайда:
Translation Protein synthesis is called translation because this is when the DNA code is translated into an amino acid sequence. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The triplet of bases (an anticodon) of each tRNA links up with a complementary triplet (a codon) on the mRNA molecule. The amino acids are linked together as the polypeptide molecule is made.

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Translation During translation, an mRNA sequence is read using the genetic code, which is a set of rules that defines how an mRNA sequence is to be translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
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Translation During translation, an mRNA sequence is read using the genetic code, which is a set of rules that defines how an mRNA sequence is to be translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

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Translation The genetic code is a set of three-letter combinations of nucleotides called codons, each of which corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal. Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins. Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, termination.
Описание слайда:
Translation The genetic code is a set of three-letter combinations of nucleotides called codons, each of which corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal. Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins. Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, termination.

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The translation and transcription, слайд №18
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The triplet code The code is a three-letter, or triplet, code. Each sequence of three bases stands for one amino acid. The sequence is always read in the same direction and from only one of the two strands of the DNA molecule (the so-called sense strand). In this case, assume that this is the lower strand in the diagram. The complementary strand is referred to as the anti-sense strand.
Описание слайда:
The triplet code The code is a three-letter, or triplet, code. Each sequence of three bases stands for one amino acid. The sequence is always read in the same direction and from only one of the two strands of the DNA molecule (the so-called sense strand). In this case, assume that this is the lower strand in the diagram. The complementary strand is referred to as the anti-sense strand.

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Genetic Code Table
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Genetic Code Table

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The translation and transcription, слайд №22
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Success criteria Knows the definition of transcription and translation terms Defines the terms of transcription and translation Describes the processes of transcription and translation Using the table of the genetic code table can identify amino acids
Описание слайда:
Success criteria Knows the definition of transcription and translation terms Defines the terms of transcription and translation Describes the processes of transcription and translation Using the table of the genetic code table can identify amino acids

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