🗊Презентация Water and its properties

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Capillary Action:
Capillary Action:
	Capillary action is important for moving water (and all of the things that are dissolved in it) around. It is defined as the movement of water within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension.
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Capillary Action: Capillary Action: Capillary action is important for moving water (and all of the things that are dissolved in it) around. It is defined as the movement of water within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension.

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Density:
Density:
Water has a density of 1g/mL at 4 °C
Water is the one of the few substances that is less dense as a solid than liquid
Due to hydrogen bonding and resultant pockets
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Density: Density: Water has a density of 1g/mL at 4 °C Water is the one of the few substances that is less dense as a solid than liquid Due to hydrogen bonding and resultant pockets

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Properties of Water
At sea level, pure water boils at 100 °C and freezes at 0 °C. 
The boiling temperature of water decreases at higher elevations (lower atmospheric pressure).  
For this reason, an egg will take longer to boil at higher altitudes
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Properties of Water At sea level, pure water boils at 100 °C and freezes at 0 °C. The boiling temperature of water decreases at higher elevations (lower atmospheric pressure). For this reason, an egg will take longer to boil at higher altitudes

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Water is Universal Solvent:
Ions and polar molecules readily dissolve in water 
Substances such as salt are pulled apart by attraction of opposite charges due to polar structures
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Water is Universal Solvent: Ions and polar molecules readily dissolve in water Substances such as salt are pulled apart by attraction of opposite charges due to polar structures

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Removal of Hardness 
Boiling 
 Addition of lime 
 Addition of sodium carbonates 
 Base exchange process 
Addition of Sodium carbonate 
Base exchange process: 
Sodium Permutit is used ( Na2Al2 Si2O H2O )
 Exchange  Na  ions  for Ca  and  Mg ions
 Ca and Mg Permutit is formed .
 Removes 100% hardness 
 Some raw water is added to protect against corrosive action of 100% soft water
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Removal of Hardness Boiling Addition of lime Addition of sodium carbonates Base exchange process Addition of Sodium carbonate Base exchange process: Sodium Permutit is used ( Na2Al2 Si2O H2O ) Exchange Na ions for Ca and Mg ions Ca and Mg Permutit is formed . Removes 100% hardness Some raw water is added to protect against corrosive action of 100% soft water

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Measurement of Hardness
	Expressed as millimole equivalents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations in 1 liter of the water (mmole-Eq/L).
	On scale hardness distinguishes:
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Measurement of Hardness Expressed as millimole equivalents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations in 1 liter of the water (mmole-Eq/L). On scale hardness distinguishes:

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Eriochrome Black Indicator reacted with metal ions in water and changed its color:
Eriochrome Black Indicator reacted with metal ions in water and changed its color:
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Eriochrome Black Indicator reacted with metal ions in water and changed its color: Eriochrome Black Indicator reacted with metal ions in water and changed its color:

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КИПЯЧЕНИЕ ВОДЫ
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КИПЯЧЕНИЕ ВОДЫ

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ВЫМОРАЖИВАНИЕ ВОДЫ
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ВЫМОРАЖИВАНИЕ ВОДЫ

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ФИЛЬТРАЦИЯ
Общая жесткость понижается на 80%.
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ФИЛЬТРАЦИЯ Общая жесткость понижается на 80%.

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Что такое бытовой фильтр?
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Что такое бытовой фильтр?

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УМЯГЧИТЕЛИ ВОДЫ
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УМЯГЧИТЕЛИ ВОДЫ

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