🗊 Презентация Wildfire hazard

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Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1


Wildfire hazard
Описание слайда:
Wildfire hazard

Слайд 2


Assessing the wildfire hazard in Canada
Описание слайда:
Assessing the wildfire hazard in Canada

Слайд 3


Drought Code (fuel flamma-bility)
Описание слайда:
Drought Code (fuel flamma-bility)

Слайд 4


Buildup Index = Fuel availability
Описание слайда:
Buildup Index = Fuel availability

Слайд 5


Fire Weather Index
Описание слайда:
Fire Weather Index

Слайд 6


Fire Weather Index
Описание слайда:
Fire Weather Index

Слайд 7


Rate of spread (fuel, wind, topo-graphy)
Описание слайда:
Rate of spread (fuel, wind, topo-graphy)

Слайд 8


Head Fire Intensity = energy output (how hard is it to suppress?)
Описание слайда:
Head Fire Intensity = energy output (how hard is it to suppress?)

Слайд 9


Critical factors in wildfire hazard in coniferous forests: 1. antecedent precipitation
Описание слайда:
Critical factors in wildfire hazard in coniferous forests: 1. antecedent precipitation

Слайд 10


Critical factors in wildfire hazard in coniferous forests: 2. humidity of atmosphere
Описание слайда:
Critical factors in wildfire hazard in coniferous forests: 2. humidity of atmosphere

Слайд 11


BC fire history (1996-2006)
Описание слайда:
BC fire history (1996-2006)

Слайд 12


Wildfire hazard, слайд №12
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Слайд 13


Fires in BC and adjacent areas, Aug. 22, 2003
Описание слайда:
Fires in BC and adjacent areas, Aug. 22, 2003

Слайд 14


OK Mountain Park Fire
Описание слайда:
OK Mountain Park Fire

Слайд 15


Wildfire hazard, слайд №15
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Слайд 16


Recent major fires in BC
Описание слайда:
Recent major fires in BC

Слайд 17


Fire management in BC
Описание слайда:
Fire management in BC

Слайд 18


Fire bombers: water vs. retardant
Описание слайда:
Fire bombers: water vs. retardant

Слайд 19


Southern California wildfires (October, 2003)
Описание слайда:
Southern California wildfires (October, 2003)

Слайд 20


Wildfire hazards: Sydney, December 2001
Описание слайда:
Wildfire hazards: Sydney, December 2001

Слайд 21


Wildfire hazards (all photos taken from Sydney Morning Herald, Dec. 2001)
Описание слайда:
Wildfire hazards (all photos taken from Sydney Morning Herald, Dec. 2001)

Слайд 22


Homes in fire-prone areas
Описание слайда:
Homes in fire-prone areas

Слайд 23


A defensible site
Описание слайда:
A defensible site

Слайд 24


A defensible house
Описание слайда:
A defensible house

Слайд 25


Fire and slope stability
Описание слайда:
Fire and slope stability

Слайд 26


Other weather-related hazards Frost hollows Fog Hail Cold spells Blizzards Freezing rain
Описание слайда:
Other weather-related hazards Frost hollows Fog Hail Cold spells Blizzards Freezing rain

Слайд 27


Frost and fog hollows
Описание слайда:
Frost and fog hollows

Слайд 28


Frost hollows as crop hazards: Okanogan County, WA.
Описание слайда:
Frost hollows as crop hazards: Okanogan County, WA.

Слайд 29


Braking distances increase by a factor of ~10 on black (glare) ice data from California Highway Patrol website
Описание слайда:
Braking distances increase by a factor of ~10 on black (glare) ice data from California Highway Patrol website

Слайд 30


Advection fog
Описание слайда:
Advection fog

Слайд 31


Advection fog bank, southern Oregon
Описание слайда:
Advection fog bank, southern Oregon

Слайд 32


Fog formation by advection, Pacific Northwest coast
Описание слайда:
Fog formation by advection, Pacific Northwest coast

Слайд 33


Fog incidence
Описание слайда:
Fog incidence

Слайд 34


Fog and road accidents
Описание слайда:
Fog and road accidents

Слайд 35


Fog and aircraft safety Fog can cause flight delays, cancellations, and accidents. Some airports (e.g. SFO) and airlines (e.g. Alaska) especially...
Описание слайда:
Fog and aircraft safety Fog can cause flight delays, cancellations, and accidents. Some airports (e.g. SFO) and airlines (e.g. Alaska) especially hard-hit. Latter used to lose US $5M/yr as a result of fog-caused problems. New technology (“Fog Buster”) allows pilots to takeoff in

Слайд 36


Hail incidence (days/year)
Описание слайда:
Hail incidence (days/year)

Слайд 37


Hail formation
Описание слайда:
Hail formation

Слайд 38


Hail formation: feeder clouds and double-vortex thunderstorm
Описание слайда:
Hail formation: feeder clouds and double-vortex thunderstorm

Слайд 39


Hailstorms, west Texas
Описание слайда:
Hailstorms, west Texas

Слайд 40


Hailstones and hail damage
Описание слайда:
Hailstones and hail damage

Слайд 41


Hail damage
Описание слайда:
Hail damage

Слайд 42


Hail suppression
Описание слайда:
Hail suppression

Слайд 43


Hail suppression logistics
Описание слайда:
Hail suppression logistics

Слайд 44


Results of hail suppression
Описание слайда:
Results of hail suppression

Слайд 45


Winter hazards Thermal: human discomfort and disease heating costs (10% of Swedish GNP!) damage to crops, buildings, roads, etc. Precipitation:...
Описание слайда:
Winter hazards Thermal: human discomfort and disease heating costs (10% of Swedish GNP!) damage to crops, buildings, roads, etc. Precipitation: blizzards, freezing rain

Слайд 46


Frost hazards
Описание слайда:
Frost hazards

Слайд 47


Hypothermia
Описание слайда:
Hypothermia

Слайд 48


Wind chill factor
Описание слайда:
Wind chill factor

Слайд 49


New wind chill equation
Описание слайда:
New wind chill equation

Слайд 50


Wildfire hazard, слайд №50
Описание слайда:

Слайд 51


Wildfire hazard, слайд №51
Описание слайда:

Слайд 52


Winter hazards: property damage
Описание слайда:
Winter hazards: property damage

Слайд 53


Wildfire hazard, слайд №53
Описание слайда:

Слайд 54


“Snow belts”
Описание слайда:
“Snow belts”

Слайд 55


Blizzard hazards e.g. 1997 blizzard in southern BC (~60 cm of snow in 24 h in Victoria; drifts 10 m high in eastern Fraser Valley) Traffic accidents...
Описание слайда:
Blizzard hazards e.g. 1997 blizzard in southern BC (~60 cm of snow in 24 h in Victoria; drifts 10 m high in eastern Fraser Valley) Traffic accidents Road closures Airport closures Power blackouts Lost productivity

Слайд 56


Costs of snow - Surrey, BC
Описание слайда:
Costs of snow - Surrey, BC

Слайд 57


Snow-clearing costs I
Описание слайда:
Snow-clearing costs I

Слайд 58


Snow-clearing costs II Montreal has 72 ploughs, 47 loaders. 68 blowers (@$250K each), 100 sanding trucks, 123 sidewalk bombardiers, and 3000 workers...
Описание слайда:
Snow-clearing costs II Montreal has 72 ploughs, 47 loaders. 68 blowers (@$250K each), 100 sanding trucks, 123 sidewalk bombardiers, and 3000 workers on call. Winnipeg (like all Canadian cities) has a snow-clearing strategy to reduce costs: ≤3 cm - clear major roads only; ~5 cm - city core cleared; ≥15 cm - residential streets cleared

Слайд 59


Insurance costs
Описание слайда:
Insurance costs

Слайд 60


Freezing rain
Описание слайда:
Freezing rain

Слайд 61


The geography of the 1998 ice storm
Описание слайда:
The geography of the 1998 ice storm

Слайд 62


The 1998 ice storm: >1300 hydro towers and 40,000 hydro poles damaged
Описание слайда:
The 1998 ice storm: >1300 hydro towers and 40,000 hydro poles damaged

Слайд 63


Ice storm climatology
Описание слайда:
Ice storm climatology

Слайд 64


The 1998 ice storm # of customers without power CANADA Qué: 1.4M Ont: 230K New Bruns: 28K Nova Scotia: 20K
Описание слайда:
The 1998 ice storm # of customers without power CANADA Qué: 1.4M Ont: 230K New Bruns: 28K Nova Scotia: 20K

Слайд 65


Ice storm tally (Canada only) Insurance claims - $500M Repair and construction: Hydro-Québec - $500M Ontario Hydro - $120M Residents, etc. - $1.4B...
Описание слайда:
Ice storm tally (Canada only) Insurance claims - $500M Repair and construction: Hydro-Québec - $500M Ontario Hydro - $120M Residents, etc. - $1.4B Lost economic output - $1.6B 16,000 Canadian troops mobilized; 440 shelters opened Deaths: 25

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