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Слайды и текст этой презентации


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Презентация к уроку английского языка "The Alimentary tract" - скачать , слайд №1
Описание слайда:

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The Alimentary Tract
A long muscular tube with many sections and areas.
Begins with the mouth and ends with the anus.
Описание слайда:
The Alimentary Tract A long muscular tube with many sections and areas. Begins with the mouth and ends with the anus.

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The Alimentary tract 
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
Описание слайда:
The Alimentary tract Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Anus

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Accessory Parts
Organs that are not in the Alimentary tract but helps in the digestion
Teeth
Tongue 
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Описание слайда:
Accessory Parts Organs that are not in the Alimentary tract but helps in the digestion Teeth Tongue Salivary glands Liver Gall bladder Pancreas

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Mouth
Functions:
 Food enters in the mouth or oral cavity
 Tasting
 Mechanical breakdown of food
 Secretion of salivary glands (salivary amylase)
Описание слайда:
Mouth Functions: Food enters in the mouth or oral cavity Tasting Mechanical breakdown of food Secretion of salivary glands (salivary amylase)

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Mouth
Structures in the mouth that aids digestion:
 Teeth – cut, tear, crush and grind food.
 Salivary glands – produce and secrete saliva into the oral cavity. 
 Parotid (beneath the cheeks)
 Submaxillary (below the jaw bone)
 Sublingual (below the tongue)
				– saliva moistens the food and contains enzymes (ptyalin or salivary amylase) that begins digestion of starch into smaller polysaccharides.
Описание слайда:
Mouth Structures in the mouth that aids digestion: Teeth – cut, tear, crush and grind food. Salivary glands – produce and secrete saliva into the oral cavity. Parotid (beneath the cheeks) Submaxillary (below the jaw bone) Sublingual (below the tongue) – saliva moistens the food and contains enzymes (ptyalin or salivary amylase) that begins digestion of starch into smaller polysaccharides.

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Mouth
 Tongue
 Mixes and rolls food into tiny   mashed up bits (Bolus)
 Pushes the bolus toward the pharynx and into the esophagus when swallowing.
Описание слайда:
Mouth Tongue Mixes and rolls food into tiny mashed up bits (Bolus) Pushes the bolus toward the pharynx and into the esophagus when swallowing.

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Anatomy of the Mouth and Throat
Описание слайда:
Anatomy of the Mouth and Throat

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Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
Описание слайда:
Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

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Mechanism of Swallowing
Swallowing is a coordinated activity of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx and esophagus.
Phases
Food is pushed into the pharynx by the tongue. (voluntary) 
Tongue blocks the mouth
Soft palate closes off the nose
Larynx (Adam’s Apple) rises so the Epiglottis (a flap of tissue) can close the opening of the trachea.
Описание слайда:
Mechanism of Swallowing Swallowing is a coordinated activity of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx and esophagus. Phases Food is pushed into the pharynx by the tongue. (voluntary) Tongue blocks the mouth Soft palate closes off the nose Larynx (Adam’s Apple) rises so the Epiglottis (a flap of tissue) can close the opening of the trachea.

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Презентация к уроку английского языка "The Alimentary tract" - скачать , слайд №11
Описание слайда:

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Esophagus
A straight muscular tube that is about 10 inches (25 cm) long which connects the mouth with the stomach
Food takes about 4 to 8 seconds as it passes through to the stomach.
Its walls contain smooth muscles that contracts in wavy motion (Peristalsis).
Peristalsis propels food and liquid slowly down the esophagus into the stomach.
Cardiac Sphincter (ring-like valve) relaxes to allow food into the stomach.
Описание слайда:
Esophagus A straight muscular tube that is about 10 inches (25 cm) long which connects the mouth with the stomach Food takes about 4 to 8 seconds as it passes through to the stomach. Its walls contain smooth muscles that contracts in wavy motion (Peristalsis). Peristalsis propels food and liquid slowly down the esophagus into the stomach. Cardiac Sphincter (ring-like valve) relaxes to allow food into the stomach.

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Peristalsis
Описание слайда:
Peristalsis

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Stomach
J-shaped muscular sac
Has inner folds (rugae) that increases the surface area of the stomach.
Churns and grinds together the bolus into smaller pieces.
Food is mixed with gastric juices (hydrochloric acid and enzymes) secreted by the stomach walls.
HCL helps break down food and kills bacteria that came along with the food.
Описание слайда:
Stomach J-shaped muscular sac Has inner folds (rugae) that increases the surface area of the stomach. Churns and grinds together the bolus into smaller pieces. Food is mixed with gastric juices (hydrochloric acid and enzymes) secreted by the stomach walls. HCL helps break down food and kills bacteria that came along with the food.

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Stomach
Описание слайда:
Stomach

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Stomach
Pepsin – major enzyme; converts proteins into peptides in the presence of HCL.
Mucus – lubricates food and protects the gastric lining from strong digestive juices.
Converts the bolus into a liquid (chyme) after 4 hrs of mechanical and chemical digestion
Chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine.
Описание слайда:
Stomach Pepsin – major enzyme; converts proteins into peptides in the presence of HCL. Mucus – lubricates food and protects the gastric lining from strong digestive juices. Converts the bolus into a liquid (chyme) after 4 hrs of mechanical and chemical digestion Chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine.

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Movements in Stomach
Описание слайда:
Movements in Stomach

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Small Intestine
Long (20 ft), coiled tube beneath the stomach.
Has three parts:
Duodenum – upper part; about 10 in; connected to the stomach.
			– where the digestive juices from the pancreas and the liver combine with chyme making it thin and watery. 
Jejunum – about 8 ft
Ileum – about 12 ft
Описание слайда:
Small Intestine Long (20 ft), coiled tube beneath the stomach. Has three parts: Duodenum – upper part; about 10 in; connected to the stomach. – where the digestive juices from the pancreas and the liver combine with chyme making it thin and watery. Jejunum – about 8 ft Ileum – about 12 ft

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Small Intestine
Site of greatest amount of digestion and absorption
Описание слайда:
Small Intestine Site of greatest amount of digestion and absorption

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Small Intestine
Takes about 4 – 8 hrs to complete its journey.
Mucosa (inner wall) – secretes several enzymes that acts on the food.
Where the pancreatic enzymes are emptied into.
Digested nutrients are absorbed through intestinal walls.
Absorbed materials cross the mucosa into the blood then other parts of the body for storage or further chemical change.
Описание слайда:
Small Intestine Takes about 4 – 8 hrs to complete its journey. Mucosa (inner wall) – secretes several enzymes that acts on the food. Where the pancreatic enzymes are emptied into. Digested nutrients are absorbed through intestinal walls. Absorbed materials cross the mucosa into the blood then other parts of the body for storage or further chemical change.

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Small Intestine
Has folded inner walls covered with fingerlike projections (villi; sing. – villus)
Each villus has tinier projections called microvilli that absorbs digested food.
Villi and microvilli increases the surface area of the small intestine for greater absorption.
Peristalsis moves the undigested food to the large intestine.
Описание слайда:
Small Intestine Has folded inner walls covered with fingerlike projections (villi; sing. – villus) Each villus has tinier projections called microvilli that absorbs digested food. Villi and microvilli increases the surface area of the small intestine for greater absorption. Peristalsis moves the undigested food to the large intestine.

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Movement in small intestine:
Mixing: Segmental contraction that occurs in small intestine
Secretion: Lubricate, liquefy, digest
Digestion: Mechanical and chemical
Absorption: Movement from tract into circulation or lymph
Elimination: Waste products removed from body
Описание слайда:
Movement in small intestine: Mixing: Segmental contraction that occurs in small intestine Secretion: Lubricate, liquefy, digest Digestion: Mechanical and chemical Absorption: Movement from tract into circulation or lymph Elimination: Waste products removed from body

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Large Intestine
a.k.a. Colon
larger diameter, but shorter (5 ft)
Water is absorbed from the undigested food making the waste harder until it becomes solid.
Waste stays for 10 – 12 hours.
Описание слайда:
Large Intestine a.k.a. Colon larger diameter, but shorter (5 ft) Water is absorbed from the undigested food making the waste harder until it becomes solid. Waste stays for 10 – 12 hours.

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Large Intestine
Описание слайда:
Large Intestine

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Large Intestine
Waste is pushed into the expanded portion (rectum) of the large intestine.
Solid waste stays in the rectum until it is excreted through the anus as feces.
Appendix hangs on the right side of the large intestine.
Описание слайда:
Large Intestine Waste is pushed into the expanded portion (rectum) of the large intestine. Solid waste stays in the rectum until it is excreted through the anus as feces. Appendix hangs on the right side of the large intestine.

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Accessory Organs
Produce or store enzymes that helps in digestion. 
Liver 
Largest gland of the body
Stores vitamins A,D,E,K 
Stores sugar and glycogen
Produces bile (watery, greenish substance) 
Secretes bile to the gall bladder via the hepatic duct and cystic duct.
Описание слайда:
Accessory Organs Produce or store enzymes that helps in digestion. Liver Largest gland of the body Stores vitamins A,D,E,K Stores sugar and glycogen Produces bile (watery, greenish substance) Secretes bile to the gall bladder via the hepatic duct and cystic duct.

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Accessory Organs
Gall bladder 
 Stores bile in between meals
 Secretes bile to the duodenum through the bile duct during mealtime. 
Bile contains bile salts, pigments, cholesterol and phospholipids.
Bile is an emulsifier NOT an enzyme.
Emulsifier – dissolves fat into the watery contents of the intestine.
Описание слайда:
Accessory Organs Gall bladder Stores bile in between meals Secretes bile to the duodenum through the bile duct during mealtime. Bile contains bile salts, pigments, cholesterol and phospholipids. Bile is an emulsifier NOT an enzyme. Emulsifier – dissolves fat into the watery contents of the intestine.

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Accessory Organs
Pancreas
 Produces a juice that contains enzymes (amylase and insulin) to break down carbohydrates, fats and protein.
 Secretes the juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct.
Описание слайда:
Accessory Organs Pancreas Produces a juice that contains enzymes (amylase and insulin) to break down carbohydrates, fats and protein. Secretes the juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct.

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About the author…
My name is Azizullah Mohammadi . I am a student at KAZNMU.
Описание слайда:
About the author… My name is Azizullah Mohammadi . I am a student at KAZNMU.



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