🗊Презентация к уроку английского языка "The Bronte Sisters" - скачать

The three sisters, born in Thornton, Yorkshire, the children of Patrick Brontë, an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria Branwell. The family moved a few miles to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate. The major event of their young lives were the death of her mother in 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to be taken care of by her sister Elizabeth Branwell. The three sisters, born in Thornton, Yorkshire, the children of Patrick Brontë, an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria Branwell. The family moved a few miles to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate. The major event of their young lives were the death of her mother in 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to be taken care of by her sister Elizabeth Branwell.

Novels Novels Jane Eyre, published 1847 Shirley, published 1849 Villette, published 1853 The Professor, written before Jane Eyre and rejected by many publishing houses, was published in 1857 Emma, unfinished

Charlotte Brontë was born on 21 April 1816, third of the six children of Brontë family. In 1824, Charlotte and her two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, were sent to the newly-opened Cowan Bridge Clergy Daughters' School. Charlotte Brontë was born on 21 April 1816, third of the six children of Brontë family. In 1824, Charlotte and her two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, were sent to the newly-opened Cowan Bridge Clergy Daughters' School. Conditions there were bad even by the standards of the time, and it was not long before both Maria and Elizabeth became ill enough to be sent home, where they both died of consumption in the spring of 1825. Patrick brought Charlotte and her younger sister Emily, who had recently joined them at the school, back home as soon as the other girls became ill. The surviving kids all became each others' best friends and they began to write about an imaginary world they had created.

In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily and Anne published a joint collection of poetry. Although only two copies were sold, the sisters continued writing for publication and began their first novels. Charlotte's novel of this time, The Professor, was actually rather bad. In August of 1846 Charlotte began work on Jane Eyre, which was published in 1847, This success was followed up by tragedy, however. In September 1848, Branwell died, probably due to his extrememly heavy drinking; this was closely followed by Emily's death in December, and the following year Anne died. The identity of the sisters as authors was at first unknown even to their publishers. It was not until after the publication of Charlotte's Shirley in 1849 that the truth was made public. In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily and Anne published a joint collection of poetry. Although only two copies were sold, the sisters continued writing for publication and began their first novels. Charlotte's novel of this time, The Professor, was actually rather bad. In August of 1846 Charlotte began work on Jane Eyre, which was published in 1847, This success was followed up by tragedy, however. In September 1848, Branwell died, probably due to his extrememly heavy drinking; this was closely followed by Emily's death in December, and the following year Anne died. The identity of the sisters as authors was at first unknown even to their publishers. It was not until after the publication of Charlotte's Shirley in 1849 that the truth was made public.

Charlotte and her father were now left alone together. In view of the enormous success of Jane Eyre, she was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally. The main character, Jane Eyre, in her novel Jane Eyre, was a parallel to herself, a woman who was strong. However, she never left Haworth for more than a few weeks at a time as she did not want to leave her aging father's side. Her Villette appeared in 1853. Charlotte and her father were now left alone together. In view of the enormous success of Jane Eyre, she was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally. The main character, Jane Eyre, in her novel Jane Eyre, was a parallel to herself, a woman who was strong. However, she never left Haworth for more than a few weeks at a time as she did not want to leave her aging father's side. Her Villette appeared in 1853. In June 1854, Charlotte got married, and became pregnant soon thereafter. Her health declined rapidly during this time. Charlotte died, along with her unborn child, on 31 March 1855, at the young age of 38.

Charlotte Brontë was the most professional of the sisters, consciously trying to achieve financial success from the family's literary efforts. Her novel Jane Eyre, the story of a governess and her passionate love for her Byronic employer, Mr. Rochester, is ranked among the great English novels. Strong, violently emotional, somewhat melodramatic, Jane Eyre brilliantly articulates the theme found in all Charlotte's work—the need of women for both love and independence. Charlotte Brontë was the most professional of the sisters, consciously trying to achieve financial success from the family's literary efforts. Her novel Jane Eyre, the story of a governess and her passionate love for her Byronic employer, Mr. Rochester, is ranked among the great English novels. Strong, violently emotional, somewhat melodramatic, Jane Eyre brilliantly articulates the theme found in all Charlotte's work—the need of women for both love and independence.

Anne Brontë

Early life Anne’s mother died when she was only a year old, and when the two oldest siblings died of consumption in 1825, Anne was really too young to remember. Their aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, was a surrogate mother to Anne throughout her childhood. Anne slept with Aunt Branwell, not with Charlotte and Emily. She and her aunt were particularly close, and this loving adult role model may have strongly influenced Anne's personality and religious beliefs. She and Emily were especially close, like “ twins”, “inseparable companions”, writing together on their imaginary world of Gondal, which Charlotte and brother Branwell wrote about. Like all the Brontë sisters, Anne was rather too dependent on these imaginary writings, but she had a strong sense of family duty .

Anne's studies at home included music,history, geography and drawing. Their aunt tried to make sure the girls knew how to run a household, but their minds were more inclined to literature.Their father's well-stocked library was a main source of knowledge. Anne's studies at home included music,history, geography and drawing. Their aunt tried to make sure the girls knew how to run a household, but their minds were more inclined to literature.Their father's well-stocked library was a main source of knowledge. Later, she began more formal studies at Roe Head School. She was quiet and hard-working, and more importantly, Anne was certainly aware that Charlotte and others were making sacrifices to give her the opportunity to do so. Anne stayed for two years, winning a good-conduct medal in December 1836, and returning home only during Christmas and the summer holidays.

Governess --Employment at Blake Hall Teaching or being a governess in a private family were among the few options available to poor but educated women. In April, 1839, Anne began to work as a governess with the Ingham family at Blake Hall. Their two eldest children, Cunliffe, age 6, and Mary, age 5, were put in Anne's care. Anne drew on her experiences at Blake Hall in later writing Agnes Grey. Her heroine’s first position is a similar situation, supervising children of much the same age and sex. Anne’s fictional descriptions convey both detail and conviction, and independent anecdotes(趣闻) suggest that the Ingham children may well have been models for the Bloomfield children of the book. As adults, Cunliffe and Mary Ingham were known to be difficult and willful, thus Anne's stay at Blake Hall was hardly pleasant. At the end of the year, she returned home at Christmas, 1839, joining Charlotte and Emily, who had also left their positions, and Branwell.

Governess --Employment at Thorp Green Anne soon obtained a second post: this time as a governess to the children of the Reverend Edmund Robinson and his wife Lydia, at Thorp Green, a wealthy country house near York. Thorp Green appeared later as Horton Lodge in her novel Agnes Grey. Her charges, the Robinson girls, ultimately became her lifelong friends. The rest of her time she was with the Robinsons at their home Thorp Green. She was also obliged to accompany the family on their annual holidays to Scarborough. Between 1840 and 1844, Anne spent around five weeks each summer at the resort, and loved the place.A number of locations in Scarborough formed the setting for Agnes Grey 's final scenes. All three Brontë sisters had spent time working as governesses or teachers, and all had experienced problems controlling their charges and coping with homesickness—but Anne was the only one who persevered and made a success of her work.

Representative novels-- Agnes Grey Her first novel was Agnes Grey. This novel bases undoubtedly on her own experience working as a governess for several families. In this novel, Anne told the story by the first person and put educated, moral people and ill-educated wealthy people in sharp contrast. She warmly praised those who had truly Christian love, tolerant people, such as: Agnes Grey, Weston ,while angrily denounced other arrogant, cruel and selfish people.

Two novels--The Tenant of Wildfell Hall Anne’s second novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, was published in 1848. It was an instant phenomenal success：within six weeks it was sold out. Tenant of Wildfell Hall, spoke for woman's independence and against religious dogma. It presents an unsoftened picture of the degradation of the heroine’s first husband and sets against the Arminian belief that no soul shall be ultimately lost. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is perhaps the most shocking of the Brontës’ novels because in seeking to present the truth in literature, Anne’s depiction of alcoholism and debauchery(沉溺酒色) were profoundly disturbing to nineteenth century readers. Her outspokenness raised some scandal, and Charlotte deplored the subject as morbid and out of keeping with her sister's nature, but the vigorous writing indicates that Anne found in it not only a moral obligation but also an opportunity of artistic development. Now it is regarded as an exemplary feminist work.

Differences from her sisters Anne’s style is a kind of placid and simple narrative style different from Charlotte’s fiery passions and Emily’s combination of an adorned (修饰的) language with the most mighty and intensified effects. For many years, Anne Brontë has been remembered primarily as the third Brontë sister, the meek one. This has occurred to a large extent because Anne is very different, as a person and as a writer, from Charlotte and Emily. The controlled, reflective camera eye of Agnes Grey is closer to Jane Austen's Persuasion than to Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre . The painstaking realism and social criticism of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall directly counters the romanticized violence of Wuthering Heights. Anne's novel was daring for the Victorian era with its depiction of scenes of mental and physical cruelty. Now, with increasing critical interest in women authors, her life is being reexamined, and her work reevaluated. Further, Anne was only twenty-eight when she wrote The Tenant of Wildfell Hall; at a comparable age, Charlotte had produced only The Professor.

Contributions of the Brontës It is really hard to find in history three sisters were equally talented in writing in one family and their untimely deaths add a touch of mystery to them. Their novels are accepted into the canon of classic and perennial English literature though they lived short lives They are forerunners of feminists. In addition, their works filled vacancy of modern realistic literature of Britain after Jane Austen.