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Heat fluxes in the atmosphere, слайд №10

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Вы можете ознакомиться и скачать презентацию на тему Heat fluxes in the atmosphere. Доклад-сообщение содержит 17 слайдов. Презентации для любого класса можно скачать бесплатно. Если материал и наш сайт презентаций Mypresentation Вам понравились – поделитесь им с друзьями с помощью социальных кнопок и добавьте в закладки в своем браузере.

Слайды и текст этой презентации

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Heat fluxes in the atmosphere Heat to the atmosphere comes mainly from the underlying surface. Processes responsible for the heat transfer are:

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Heat flux notion The quantity being transferred by the air parcels in a unit of time through a unit of area facing the transfer direction is called HEAT FLUX. There are convective heat flux and eddy heat flux. Convective heat flux, in turn, is divided into advective one (horizontal heat transfer) and real convective (vertical heat transfer). In meteorology, the horizontal heat flux is called advective flux (Qa), and the vertical one is called convective flux (Qc).

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Convective and advective heat fluxes

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Eddy heat flux Eddy heat flux is caused by wind velocity pulsation

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Individual and local (partial) derivatives When an air parcel moves, its state parameters are not necessarily constant; they are function of coordinates and time. For the moving parcel, the coordinates, in turn, are functions of time.

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Energy equation Temperature variation is of prime interest for meteorologists. It depends on heat influx. It can be determined on the base of the energy conservation equation. Heat influx:

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1. Non-periodical T variations Above boundary layer (in the free atm.) Small time intervals (about 24 h)  no heat influx  adiab. process Energy equation:

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2. Periodical T variations Within the boundary layer (diurnal T variations) long time intervals  only vertical eddy heat influx Energy equation ( or equation of the conductivity of the atm.):

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3. Air mass moving over non-homogeneous surface Advection and eddy exchange are important Taking steady state process The process is called air mass transformation Energy equation