🗊Презентация Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly

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Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №1Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №2Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №3Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №4Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №5Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №6Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №7Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №8Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №9Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №10Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №11Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №12Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №13

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Слайд 1





Monopoly
A competitive firm chooses how much to produce at the “market price”.
A single seller – monopoly – chooses at what price to sell.
Описание слайда:
Monopoly A competitive firm chooses how much to produce at the “market price”. A single seller – monopoly – chooses at what price to sell.

Слайд 2


Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №2
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The Tradeoff
The monopoly can either choose price or quantity, but not both.
The monopolist faces a tradeoff between a higher price and lower sales (smaller quantity) and a lower price and higher sales (greater quantity): 
P ↓   →  X ↑
Описание слайда:
The Tradeoff The monopoly can either choose price or quantity, but not both. The monopolist faces a tradeoff between a higher price and lower sales (smaller quantity) and a lower price and higher sales (greater quantity): P ↓ → X ↑

Слайд 4





 Revenue
Profit = Revenue – Total Costs 
Revenue = TR = Unit price • Quantity = P • X
Increasing X is profitable if it increases Revenue more than it increases Costs.
Описание слайда:
Revenue Profit = Revenue – Total Costs Revenue = TR = Unit price • Quantity = P • X Increasing X is profitable if it increases Revenue more than it increases Costs.

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Marginal Revenue
Marginal Revenue = MR= the change in total revenue from increasing output by a unit. 
Marginal Cost = MC = the change in total costs from increasing output  by a unit.
Increasing output (decreasing price)  is profitable if MR is greater than MC.
Increasing output (decreasing price) is never profitable if MR < 0.
Описание слайда:
Marginal Revenue Marginal Revenue = MR= the change in total revenue from increasing output by a unit. Marginal Cost = MC = the change in total costs from increasing output by a unit. Increasing output (decreasing price) is profitable if MR is greater than MC. Increasing output (decreasing price) is never profitable if MR < 0.

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Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №6
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Profit Maximization
�� =  TR(X)- TC(X)
��’ = MR(X) – MC(X)=0
Monopoly chooses X so that : MR(X) = MC(X)
Описание слайда:
Profit Maximization �� = TR(X)- TC(X) ��’ = MR(X) – MC(X)=0 Monopoly chooses X so that : MR(X) = MC(X)

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Monopoly Pricing
Описание слайда:
Monopoly Pricing

Слайд 9


Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №9
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Elasticity
E=1: Changing price doesn’t change Revenue – PX unchanged.
E>1: Decreasing price increases Revenue – PX increases
     (Demand is price sensitive)
E<1: Decreasing price reduces Revenue – PX decreases.
     (Demand is price insensitive)
.
Описание слайда:
Elasticity E=1: Changing price doesn’t change Revenue – PX unchanged. E>1: Decreasing price increases Revenue – PX increases (Demand is price sensitive) E<1: Decreasing price reduces Revenue – PX decreases. (Demand is price insensitive) .

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Elasticity and Monopoly Pricing
Can be shown that :  MR = P [1 -   ]. 
Thus, if E < 1,  MR <  0 → Monopoly never produces in region in which E < 1.
This implies that the monopoly pricing rule can be written:  =  
where    is the (relative) markup (difference between price and marginal cost) → Markup decreases with elasticity.
Описание слайда:
Elasticity and Monopoly Pricing Can be shown that : MR = P [1 - ]. Thus, if E < 1, MR < 0 → Monopoly never produces in region in which E < 1. This implies that the monopoly pricing rule can be written: = where is the (relative) markup (difference between price and marginal cost) → Markup decreases with elasticity.

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Example
Suppose marginal cost is a constant, c, and E=2. 
Then    =  =  →  p = 2c. That is, the monopoly price is a constant markup over cost.  In other words, in this case, if the marginal cost goes up by 1 dollar, the monopoly price increases by 2 dollars.
Описание слайда:
Example Suppose marginal cost is a constant, c, and E=2. Then = = → p = 2c. That is, the monopoly price is a constant markup over cost. In other words, in this case, if the marginal cost goes up by 1 dollar, the monopoly price increases by 2 dollars.

Слайд 13


Monopoly. Competitive firm monopoly, слайд №13
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