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Вы можете ознакомиться и скачать презентацию на тему Бетаин (триметилглицин). Доклад-сообщение содержит 27 слайдов. Презентации для любого класса можно скачать бесплатно. Если материал и наш сайт презентаций Mypresentation Вам понравились – поделитесь им с друзьями с помощью социальных кнопок и добавьте в закладки в своем браузере.

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Shown here are the percentages of light absorbed, reflected, and transmitted, as a function of wavelength. The transmitted and reflected green light in the wave band at 500 to 600 nm gives leaves their green color. Note that most of the light above 700 nm is not absorbed by the leaf. (From Smith 1986.)

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Photoprotection by dissipation of excess light energy aided by xanthophyll cycle carotenoids

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Low temperature scanning electron microscopy of contro (A) and freezing – stressed tobacco leaves (B-D) (Ashworth and Pearce, unpubl. res. ). Themicrographs show transverse fractures through the leaves. Low temperature scanning electron microscopy of contro (A) and freezing – stressed tobacco leaves (B-D) (Ashworth and Pearce, unpubl. res. ). Themicrographs show transverse fractures through the leaves. Youngpottedplantsweregrowninawarmgreenhouseandweretestedatthetwo-to-fourleafstage. Theplantsweresprayedwithwaterandcooledat28Chÿ1toÿ208Cthenfreeze-®xedinmeltingfreon12.DTAshowedtheleavesfrozebetweenÿ2.08Candÿ3.08C.DetailsofthemicroscopicalmethodsareasinPearceandAshworth(1992).A,Controlsampleshowingturgidcellsandabsenceofextracellulariceinalltissues(e,epidermis;pm,palisademesophyll;sm,spongymesophyll).Notethatorganellepro®leswerevisiblewherethefractureplanehadcutthroughthecells(starsindicatecross-fracturedcellsinthespongymesophyll;arrowheadsindicateorganellesintwoexamplecells).Theepidermalcells(e)werealsocross-fractured.BandC,Samplefrozentoÿ208Cshowingextensiveextracellularice(i).CisanenlargementoftheareaboxedinB.Inthisexampleicerami®edextensivelythroughthegasspacesbutdidnotfullyoccludethem.Thewhitearrow(B)indicatesthecollapsedepidermis.Atlowmagni®cation(B)theiceappearedsuper®ciallysimilartoturgidcells.However,whenenlarged(C)thecross-fractureofthesestructuresshowedthemtocontainnoorganellepro®lesandinsteadthefracturedsurfacehadsteps(arrowheads)typicaloffracturedice.Thecellsweremostlyhiddenbytheice.However,intheareaenlargedinCacollapsedcell(star)waseasilyidenti®edbytheorganellesitcontained:thearrowindicatestheimpressonthecellwalloforganellesinacell.D,Samplefrozentoÿ208C.Icewasremovedfromthespecimenbysublimationinthemicroscope,thusrevealingthecollapsed,dehydratedcells.Themesophyllcells(pm,palisademesophyll;sm,spongymesophyll)andepidermis(whitearrows)werecollapsed.Theoutersurfaceofcellwallsshowedanimpressoftheorganelleswithinthecells(examplesindicatedbyarrowheads).Starsindicatewherethefractureplanehascutthroughthecells,againrevealingorganelles.Allgold-coated.2kV.Bars‹10mm(AandC)or100mm(BandD).

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Roots of maize. Scanning electron micrographs (150×). (A) Control root, supplied with air, with intact cortical cells. (B) Oxygen-deficient root. Note the prominent gas-filled spaces (gs) in the cortex (cx), formed by degeneration of cells. The stele (all cells interior to the endodermis, En) and the epidermis (Ep) remain intact. X, xylem. (Courtesy of J. L. Basq and M. C. Drew.)