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Theme 14. The main directions of economic policy

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1. Concept and types of monetary systems

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Monetary system - is an organized form of currency in the country, that is, the movement of money in the domestic turnover of cash and non-cash, serving the sale of goods, the movement of loan capital and fictitious.

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Money is one of the commodities that are specific property which is the ability to exchange for another commodity. In the economic literature, this property is called liquidity.

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Banknotes - bank notes issued by issuing banks. Banknotes - bank notes issued by issuing banks. Promissory notes - debt (1 - 3 months), which gives the holder the right to demand payment of this amount by the deadline. Cheque deposits, checks - a means of transferring ownership of the deposits in banks or other financial institutions. Money is not the write checks, and any demand deposits (deposits) in the bank. In developed market economies deposits are more important than the paper money - up to 90% of trading is payable by check or by credit card. The use of credit cards ("e-money") requires a high level of computerization of banks, trade, service. National monetary system - a form of organization of monetary circulation in the country, has developed historically and fixed by law.

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2. The demand for money and the money supply

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Based on the nature of money - their ability to communicate to all other commodities, they are formed by supply and demand. Based on the nature of money - their ability to communicate to all other commodities, they are formed by supply and demand. Demand for money (total) consists of two components: A) the demand for money for transactions; B) the demand for money by assets

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The demand for money for transactions is proportional to nominal GDP

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The demand for money from the assets - a consequence of the functionality of the savings.

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The total demand for money is: Dо = Dсд + Dа %

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Of what elements is the proposal? Are the following:

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3. The essence of financial system

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The education system and the use of funds of resources involved in ensuring the reproduction process and is finance company. The education system and the use of funds of resources involved in ensuring the reproduction process and is finance company. A set of economic relations that arise between the state, enterprises and organizations, sectors, territories and individuals in relation to the movement of funds, constitute a financial relationship. Policy of state revenues and expenditures, regulatory demand to affect unemployment and inflation, is called fiscal policy. Its essence lies in the mobilization of funds, distribution, redistribution and use to achieve social and economic goals. Such influence through financial and credit mechanism in two ways - financial security (the state budget), financial management (tax system).

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4. State budget and public debt.

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State budget - is the main financial plan with the revenues and expenditures of the state for a certain period of time, it is money that allows the state to function.

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Government debt - the sum accumulated in the country over a period of budget deficits, net of accumulated budget surplus, the surplus.

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5. The principles and forms of taxation

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The tax system includes a plurality of charged in state taxes, fees and other charges, as well as forms and methods of their control.

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Taxes - required cash payments collected by the state from legal entities and individuals.

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6.International relationships: the nature, forms

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International trade is the exchange of goods and services between the national economies of the different countries, which is based on the international division of labor (MRI).