🗊Презентация Area Ecosystem Population

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Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №1Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №2Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №3Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №4Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №5Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №6Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №7Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №8Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №9Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №10Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №11Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №12Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №13Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №14Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №15Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №16Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №17Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №18Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №19Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №20Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №21Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №22Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №23Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №24Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №25Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №26Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №27Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №28Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №29Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №30Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №31Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №32Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №33
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Слайды и текст этой презентации

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Test your knowledge 1. Define terms Area - Ecosystem - Population –
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Test your knowledge 1. Define terms Area - Ecosystem - Population –

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You are a scientist in the field of ecology and you were given the task to determine the population of squirrels in a pine forest. How do you do that?
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You are a scientist in the field of ecology and you were given the task to determine the population of squirrels in a pine forest. How do you do that?

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Data collection and analysis Methods of mathematical statistics The application of these methods makes it possible to get an objective view on a particular (определённая) population
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Data collection and analysis Methods of mathematical statistics The application of these methods makes it possible to get an objective view on a particular (определённая) population

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Types of statistical test T-test (Student’s T-test)
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Types of statistical test T-test (Student’s T-test)

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T-test 2 test groups Determining the differences between the two groups One or more samples per group are made
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T-test 2 test groups Determining the differences between the two groups One or more samples per group are made

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Example of research question Which species of pine (Scotch or Kulunda) are more common in Kazakhstan?
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Example of research question Which species of pine (Scotch or Kulunda) are more common in Kazakhstan?

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Examples of Hypotheses Research Hypotheses In Kazakhstan the Kulunda pine is more common Statistical hypotheses Null hypotheses (Ho) Ho – there is no difference in the prevalence of Scots pine or Kulunda pine Alternate hypotheses Ha – there IS a difference in the predominance of Scots pine or Kulunda pine
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Examples of Hypotheses Research Hypotheses In Kazakhstan the Kulunda pine is more common Statistical hypotheses Null hypotheses (Ho) Ho – there is no difference in the prevalence of Scots pine or Kulunda pine Alternate hypotheses Ha – there IS a difference in the predominance of Scots pine or Kulunda pine

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Methods of ecological research Laboratory method Experimental and experimental method Field method The objects of field research can be living organisms, populations, species and their natural communities
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Methods of ecological research Laboratory method Experimental and experimental method Field method The objects of field research can be living organisms, populations, species and their natural communities

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Objectives of field researches Determine (определить) the distribution (распространение), abundance (численность) and quality of the species, population, biocenosis, ecosystem of lakes, rivers and other objects the influence of abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic factors on organisms
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Objectives of field researches Determine (определить) the distribution (распространение), abundance (численность) and quality of the species, population, biocenosis, ecosystem of lakes, rivers and other objects the influence of abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic factors on organisms

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Methods of field research Lay out and describe a sample area (закладка и описание пробных площадей (ключевых участков)) The sizes of sample areas (squares) for groups of plants are 1, 10, 100 m², for forests - an area of 100 - 5000 m² The main indicator of the research is the quantitative registration of organisms
Описание слайда:
Methods of field research Lay out and describe a sample area (закладка и описание пробных площадей (ключевых участков)) The sizes of sample areas (squares) for groups of plants are 1, 10, 100 m², for forests - an area of 100 - 5000 m² The main indicator of the research is the quantitative registration of organisms

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Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №11
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Example Question: Which part of the school garden has more dandelions? Research hypothesis: Null hypothesis: Alternate hypothesis:
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Example Question: Which part of the school garden has more dandelions? Research hypothesis: Null hypothesis: Alternate hypothesis:

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Method of research (squares method or key sites) метод квадратов или ключевых участков Select the sample area. Lay out a square grid of known size. Count the dandelions in each grid. Repeat this 5 times for both the locations. Tabulate the data. Analyze the data.
Описание слайда:
Method of research (squares method or key sites) метод квадратов или ключевых участков Select the sample area. Lay out a square grid of known size. Count the dandelions in each grid. Repeat this 5 times for both the locations. Tabulate the data. Analyze the data.

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Data collection
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Data collection

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Step 1 Calculate the mean value
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Step 1 Calculate the mean value

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Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №16
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Step 2 Step 2 Calculate the deviation from mean by subtracting the mean from the value of X for both the samples Рассчитать отклонение от среднего значения путем вычитания среднего по величине X для обоих образцов.
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Step 2 Step 2 Calculate the deviation from mean by subtracting the mean from the value of X for both the samples Рассчитать отклонение от среднего значения путем вычитания среднего по величине X для обоих образцов.

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Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №18
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Step 3 Square the deviation from the mean for both the samples
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Step 3 Square the deviation from the mean for both the samples

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Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №20
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Step 4 Calculate the sum of the squares
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Step 4 Calculate the sum of the squares

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Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №22
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Step 5 Calculate the variance for both the samples
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Step 5 Calculate the variance for both the samples

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Area Ecosystem Population, слайд №24
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Step 6 calculate the value of T using the formula provided in the Table
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Step 6 calculate the value of T using the formula provided in the Table

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T –value Х1 - среднее значение выборки 1 Х2 - среднее значение выборки 2 S1²- дисперсия выборки 1 S2²- дисперсия выборки 2 N₁ - частота выборки 1 N₂ - частота выборки 2
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T –value Х1 - среднее значение выборки 1 Х2 - среднее значение выборки 2 S1²- дисперсия выборки 1 S2²- дисперсия выборки 2 N₁ - частота выборки 1 N₂ - частота выборки 2

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Answer 2,14
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Answer 2,14

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Step 7 Calculate the degree of freedom Рассчитать степень свободы df = (N1+ N2) – 2= 8  
Описание слайда:
Step 7 Calculate the degree of freedom Рассчитать степень свободы df = (N1+ N2) – 2= 8  

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Step 8 Find the critical value using the t- table
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Step 8 Find the critical value using the t- table

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Degree of freedom 2,31
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Degree of freedom 2,31

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Data analysis If the T-value is less than the critical value, then accept the null hypothesis Если Т-значение меньше критического значения, то следует принять нулевую гипотезу If the T-value is bigger than the critical value, the null hypothesis should be rejected Если Т-значение больше, чем критическое значение следует отклонить нулевую гипотезу Null hypothesis: There are no differences in the number of dandelions on the western and eastern sides of the school garden 2,14 2,31
Описание слайда:
Data analysis If the T-value is less than the critical value, then accept the null hypothesis Если Т-значение меньше критического значения, то следует принять нулевую гипотезу If the T-value is bigger than the critical value, the null hypothesis should be rejected Если Т-значение больше, чем критическое значение следует отклонить нулевую гипотезу Null hypothesis: There are no differences in the number of dandelions on the western and eastern sides of the school garden 2,14 2,31

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Analysis of results If the null hypothesis is accepted, then there was NO significant difference in the distribution of dandelions in the school garden If the null hypothesis is rejected, then there was a significant difference in the distribution of dandelions in the school garden
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Analysis of results If the null hypothesis is accepted, then there was NO significant difference in the distribution of dandelions in the school garden If the null hypothesis is rejected, then there was a significant difference in the distribution of dandelions in the school garden

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Conclusion There is no significant difference in the distribution of dandelions in the school garden on the western and eastern territories
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Conclusion There is no significant difference in the distribution of dandelions in the school garden on the western and eastern territories

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