🗊Презентация Organic molecules

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Вы можете ознакомиться и скачать презентацию на тему Organic molecules. Доклад-сообщение содержит 70 слайдов. Презентации для любого класса можно скачать бесплатно. Если материал и наш сайт презентаций Mypresentation Вам понравились – поделитесь им с друзьями с помощью социальных кнопок и добавьте в закладки в своем браузере.

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Organic molecules, слайд №1
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TYPES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES There are 5 types of organic molecules in living things.These are: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Nucleic acids
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TYPES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES There are 5 types of organic molecules in living things.These are: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Nucleic acids

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TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES There are 3 types of carbohydrates according to the number of sugar. Monosaccharides (single sugar) Disaccharides(double sugar) Polysaccharides (many sugar)
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TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES There are 3 types of carbohydrates according to the number of sugar. Monosaccharides (single sugar) Disaccharides(double sugar) Polysaccharides (many sugar)

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Monosacharides are units of carbohydrates. Monosacharides are units of carbohydrates. Monosacharides are classified according to their carbon atoms. 1- Pentose sugar (5 C) 2- Hexose sugar (6 C)
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Monosacharides are units of carbohydrates. Monosacharides are units of carbohydrates. Monosacharides are classified according to their carbon atoms. 1- Pentose sugar (5 C) 2- Hexose sugar (6 C)

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PENTOSE SUGAR Pentose sugars have 5 carbon atoms. They participate structure of nucleic acids. EX: Ribose and Deoxyribose
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PENTOSE SUGAR Pentose sugars have 5 carbon atoms. They participate structure of nucleic acids. EX: Ribose and Deoxyribose

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HEXOSE SUGAR Hexose sugars have 6 carbon atoms They are used in energy production. EX:
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HEXOSE SUGAR Hexose sugars have 6 carbon atoms They are used in energy production. EX:

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GLUCOSE Glucose is a monosaccharide with the formula C6H12O6. Plants produce glucose during the photosynthesis. Amount of glucose is controlled by hormone in human blood.
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GLUCOSE Glucose is a monosaccharide with the formula C6H12O6. Plants produce glucose during the photosynthesis. Amount of glucose is controlled by hormone in human blood.

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DISACCHARIDES Disaccharide is double sugar. Two monosaccharides chemically combine to form disaccharide. There is glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides
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DISACCHARIDES Disaccharide is double sugar. Two monosaccharides chemically combine to form disaccharide. There is glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides

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TYPES OF DISACCHARIDES There are 3 types of disaccharides. These are; Maltose Sucrose Lactose
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TYPES OF DISACCHARIDES There are 3 types of disaccharides. These are; Maltose Sucrose Lactose

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GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE
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GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE

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GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE During the formation of disaccharide one molecule water is released. This type of reaction is called dehydration. The reverse of dehydration is hydrolysis. In this reaction water molecules are added to reaction.
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GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE During the formation of disaccharide one molecule water is released. This type of reaction is called dehydration. The reverse of dehydration is hydrolysis. In this reaction water molecules are added to reaction.

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POLYSACCHARIDES Simple sugars can be joined together by dehydration synthesis to form polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are long chain of glucose. There are glycosidic bond among of monosaccharides.
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POLYSACCHARIDES Simple sugars can be joined together by dehydration synthesis to form polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are long chain of glucose. There are glycosidic bond among of monosaccharides.

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Starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin are examples of polysaccharide. Starch: It is found only in plants. Glycogen: It is found certain animal cells. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle. Cellulose: It participates structure of plant cell.
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Starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin are examples of polysaccharide. Starch: It is found only in plants. Glycogen: It is found certain animal cells. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle. Cellulose: It participates structure of plant cell.

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Lipid molecule contains 2 subunits. These are glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Lipid molecule contains 2 subunits. These are glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
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Lipid molecule contains 2 subunits. These are glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Lipid molecule contains 2 subunits. These are glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

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TYPES OF LIPIDS SATURATED UNSATURATED
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TYPES OF LIPIDS SATURATED UNSATURATED

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Proteins contain C, H, O and N. Some also contain S. Proteins contain C, H, O and N. Some also contain S. They are used in cell structure, regulation and control of cell functions. They are produced under the control of DNA. Aminoacid is monomer of protein.
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Proteins contain C, H, O and N. Some also contain S. Proteins contain C, H, O and N. Some also contain S. They are used in cell structure, regulation and control of cell functions. They are produced under the control of DNA. Aminoacid is monomer of protein.

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Radical group makes each aminoacid different. There are 20 different aminoacids. There must be 20 types of radical groups. Two aminoacids are linked peptide bond and formed dipeptide. Peptid bond forms between COOH of first aminoacid and NH2 of second aminoacid.
Описание слайда:
Radical group makes each aminoacid different. There are 20 different aminoacids. There must be 20 types of radical groups. Two aminoacids are linked peptide bond and formed dipeptide. Peptid bond forms between COOH of first aminoacid and NH2 of second aminoacid.

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Protein molecules may have 70 aminoacids. There are many different proteins. Because; 1-Each different sequence makes a different protein. 2-Each different number of aminoacid makes a different protein 3-Each different kind of aminoacid makes a different protein.
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Protein molecules may have 70 aminoacids. There are many different proteins. Because; 1-Each different sequence makes a different protein. 2-Each different number of aminoacid makes a different protein 3-Each different kind of aminoacid makes a different protein.

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DENATURATION Proteins are heat sensitive. High temperature breaks certain bonds within protein molecules. This causes chance protein structure. Such a change in shape of protein molecule is called Denaturation.
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DENATURATION Proteins are heat sensitive. High temperature breaks certain bonds within protein molecules. This causes chance protein structure. Such a change in shape of protein molecule is called Denaturation.

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Proteins are not used energy source. Because protein participates cell structure. Proteins are not used energy source. Because protein participates cell structure.
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Proteins are not used energy source. Because protein participates cell structure. Proteins are not used energy source. Because protein participates cell structure.

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Our Metabolism chose carbohydres because they are; 1- Smaller and have less molecular weight (thats why easily transported in blood streem) 2- Mobilizing faster and easier than others, 3- Flexible and water meltible (thats why they’re required small amount water in our body) 4- However fat molecules heavier and larger although they give 2,5 times more energy than carbohydrates 5- Even fatty acids require more water... Unless our body must be 8 times larger at least..
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Our Metabolism chose carbohydres because they are; 1- Smaller and have less molecular weight (thats why easily transported in blood streem) 2- Mobilizing faster and easier than others, 3- Flexible and water meltible (thats why they’re required small amount water in our body) 4- However fat molecules heavier and larger although they give 2,5 times more energy than carbohydrates 5- Even fatty acids require more water... Unless our body must be 8 times larger at least..

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TYPES OF VITAMINS Vitamins are divided into two major groups. These are water-soluble vitamins and lipid soluble vitamins. B and C are water soluble vitamins. A, D, E and K are lipid soluble vitamins.
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TYPES OF VITAMINS Vitamins are divided into two major groups. These are water-soluble vitamins and lipid soluble vitamins. B and C are water soluble vitamins. A, D, E and K are lipid soluble vitamins.

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NUCLEIC ACIDS  Nucleic acids differ from other organic molecules in their function. Genetic information is stored in nucleic acids.
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NUCLEIC ACIDS  Nucleic acids differ from other organic molecules in their function. Genetic information is stored in nucleic acids.

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NUCLEOTIDE
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NUCLEOTIDE

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PENTOSE SUGAR Pentose sugars have 5 C atoms.There are 2 types of pentose. These are ribose and deoxyribose. Nucleic acids which contain ribose sugar are called ribonucleic acid or RNA. Nucleic acids which contain deoxyribose sugar are called deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
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PENTOSE SUGAR Pentose sugars have 5 C atoms.There are 2 types of pentose. These are ribose and deoxyribose. Nucleic acids which contain ribose sugar are called ribonucleic acid or RNA. Nucleic acids which contain deoxyribose sugar are called deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.

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PHOSPHATE GROUP All kinds of nucleotides have a phosphate group. It is identical in all types of nucleotides. Phosphate group gives an acidic character to nucleotide.
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PHOSPHATE GROUP All kinds of nucleotides have a phosphate group. It is identical in all types of nucleotides. Phosphate group gives an acidic character to nucleotide.

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ORGANIC BASE Organic bases are nitrogen containing compounds. These are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and urasil (U). Nucleotides are classified according to its organic base. For example: Nucleotide which contains thymine is called thymine nucleotide.
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ORGANIC BASE Organic bases are nitrogen containing compounds. These are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and urasil (U). Nucleotides are classified according to its organic base. For example: Nucleotide which contains thymine is called thymine nucleotide.

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DNA molecule contains two long chains of nucleotides. The nucleotides of each chain are connected by phosphodiester bond. DNA molecule contains two long chains of nucleotides. The nucleotides of each chain are connected by phosphodiester bond. In this way nucleotides are attach to each other to form one strand of DNA. The second strand is ordered according to the nucleotide order of the first strand.
Описание слайда:
DNA molecule contains two long chains of nucleotides. The nucleotides of each chain are connected by phosphodiester bond. DNA molecule contains two long chains of nucleotides. The nucleotides of each chain are connected by phosphodiester bond. In this way nucleotides are attach to each other to form one strand of DNA. The second strand is ordered according to the nucleotide order of the first strand.

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When bonding of two DNA strands an adenine is always bonded to a thymine. There are double hydrogen bond between adenine and thymine(A=T). When bonding of two DNA strands an adenine is always bonded to a thymine. There are double hydrogen bond between adenine and thymine(A=T). Cytosine is always bonded to guanine. There are three hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine (C --- G).
Описание слайда:
When bonding of two DNA strands an adenine is always bonded to a thymine. There are double hydrogen bond between adenine and thymine(A=T). When bonding of two DNA strands an adenine is always bonded to a thymine. There are double hydrogen bond between adenine and thymine(A=T). Cytosine is always bonded to guanine. There are three hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine (C --- G).

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The number of adenine nucleotide in DNA is equal to the number of thymine nucleotide. The number of adenine nucleotide in DNA is equal to the number of thymine nucleotide. Therefore number of cytosine is equal to number of guanine nucleotide.
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The number of adenine nucleotide in DNA is equal to the number of thymine nucleotide. The number of adenine nucleotide in DNA is equal to the number of thymine nucleotide. Therefore number of cytosine is equal to number of guanine nucleotide.

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REPLICATION Before the cell division DNA make copy itself. This process is called duplication or replication. Two new DNA strands are formed semiconservatively.
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REPLICATION Before the cell division DNA make copy itself. This process is called duplication or replication. Two new DNA strands are formed semiconservatively.

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PROPERTIES OF DNA 1- It is double stranded. 2-In nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast. 3-Replicates itself by DNA polymerase. 4-Nucleotides are A,T,G and C. 5- Sugar is deoxyribose. 6-It can replicate itself
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PROPERTIES OF DNA 1- It is double stranded. 2-In nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast. 3-Replicates itself by DNA polymerase. 4-Nucleotides are A,T,G and C. 5- Sugar is deoxyribose. 6-It can replicate itself

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mRNA mRNA tRNA rRNA
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mRNA mRNA tRNA rRNA

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m RNA All types of RNA are synthesized by DNA. Synthesizing of RNA from DNA is called transcription. Than m RNA moves to the cytoplasm. Different m RNAs are transcripted from DNA for the synthesis of different proteins.
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m RNA All types of RNA are synthesized by DNA. Synthesizing of RNA from DNA is called transcription. Than m RNA moves to the cytoplasm. Different m RNAs are transcripted from DNA for the synthesis of different proteins.

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t RNA t RNA is synthesized in nucleus but than remains in cytoplasm. t RNA carries aminoacids from cytoplasm to ribosome. Each t RNA can transfer only one kind of aminoacid. There must be 20 types of t RNA because there are 20 types of aminoacid.
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t RNA t RNA is synthesized in nucleus but than remains in cytoplasm. t RNA carries aminoacids from cytoplasm to ribosome. Each t RNA can transfer only one kind of aminoacid. There must be 20 types of t RNA because there are 20 types of aminoacid.

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r RNA r RNA is formed by DNA in the nucleolus of the cell. r RNA takes roles in protein synthesis. r RNA participates structure of ribosome.
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r RNA r RNA is formed by DNA in the nucleolus of the cell. r RNA takes roles in protein synthesis. r RNA participates structure of ribosome.

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THE GENETIC CODE It is a system of symbols used to store information carried by DNA chain. Only 4 bases in DNA serve to specify 20 aminoacids and all biological processes. 3 nucleotides code a single aminoacid.The triplet of nucleotides is called CODON.
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THE GENETIC CODE It is a system of symbols used to store information carried by DNA chain. Only 4 bases in DNA serve to specify 20 aminoacids and all biological processes. 3 nucleotides code a single aminoacid.The triplet of nucleotides is called CODON.

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There are 64 codons.One of them is start codon (AUG).It codes methionin There are 64 codons.One of them is start codon (AUG).It codes methionin 3 of them are stop codons(UAA,UAG and UGA) None of stop codons codes aminoacid. Except stop codons 61 codons code aminoacids. Some aminoacids are coded by more than one codons.For example; CAU and CAC code histidine.
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There are 64 codons.One of them is start codon (AUG).It codes methionin There are 64 codons.One of them is start codon (AUG).It codes methionin 3 of them are stop codons(UAA,UAG and UGA) None of stop codons codes aminoacid. Except stop codons 61 codons code aminoacids. Some aminoacids are coded by more than one codons.For example; CAU and CAC code histidine.

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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSLATION) Genetic material is translated into a protein.
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSLATION) Genetic material is translated into a protein.

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Occurs in three stages; initiation,elongation and termination. Occurs in three stages; initiation,elongation and termination. 1-INITIATION Ribosomal subunits and mRNA forms polysome.
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Occurs in three stages; initiation,elongation and termination. Occurs in three stages; initiation,elongation and termination. 1-INITIATION Ribosomal subunits and mRNA forms polysome.

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Selection of initiation codon.(AUG) Selection of initiation codon.(AUG) formation of hydrogen bond between codons on mRNA and naticodons on tRNA. 2-ELONGATION joining two aminoacids by peptide bond. First tRNA leaves A site while second one replaces P site. This process repeates till synthesis is completed.
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Selection of initiation codon.(AUG) Selection of initiation codon.(AUG) formation of hydrogen bond between codons on mRNA and naticodons on tRNA. 2-ELONGATION joining two aminoacids by peptide bond. First tRNA leaves A site while second one replaces P site. This process repeates till synthesis is completed.

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3-TERMINATION Begins when a stop codon is reached. A special protein binds to stop codon and causes peptidyl transferase to release the completed polypeptide.
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3-TERMINATION Begins when a stop codon is reached. A special protein binds to stop codon and causes peptidyl transferase to release the completed polypeptide.

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