🗊Презентация Macroeconomics. Introduction

Категория: Экономика и Финансы
Нажмите для полного просмотра!
Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №1Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №2Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №3Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №4Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №5Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №6Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №7Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №8Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №9Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №10Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №11Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №12Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №13Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №14Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №15Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №16Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №17Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №18Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №19Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №20Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №21Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №22Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №23Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №24Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №25Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №26Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №27Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №28Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №29Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №30Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №31Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №32Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №33Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №34Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №35Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №36Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №37Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №38Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №39Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №40Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №41Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №42Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №43Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №44Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №45Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №46Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №47Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №48Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №49Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №50Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №51Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №52Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №53Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №54Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №55Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №56Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №57Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №58Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №59Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №60Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №61Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №62Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №63Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №64Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №65Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №66Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №67Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №68Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №69Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №70Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №71Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №72Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №73Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №74Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №75Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №76Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №77Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №78Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №79Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №80Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №81Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №82Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №83Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №84Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №85Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №86Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №87Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №88Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №89Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №90Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №91Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №92Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №93Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №94Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №95Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №96Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №97Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №98Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №99Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №100Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №101Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №102Macroeconomics. Introduction, слайд №103
Скачать

Содержание ▲

Вы можете ознакомиться и скачать презентацию на тему Macroeconomics. Introduction. Доклад-сообщение содержит 103 слайдов. Презентации для любого класса можно скачать бесплатно. Если материал и наш сайт презентаций Mypresentation Вам понравились – поделитесь им с друзьями с помощью социальных кнопок и добавьте в закладки в своем браузере.

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1


Macroeconomics Prof. Grigori Feygin
Описание слайда:
Macroeconomics Prof. Grigori Feygin

Слайд 2


Introduction Structure of course Chapter 1 The date and methods of macroeconomics Chapter 2-4 The National Accounting system (not included)
Описание слайда:
Introduction Structure of course Chapter 1 The date and methods of macroeconomics Chapter 2-4 The National Accounting system (not included)

Слайд 3


Introduction Structure of course Chapter 5 The Determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a Model of Real Equilibrium Chapter 6 Money, Prices and the Interest Rate
Описание слайда:
Introduction Structure of course Chapter 5 The Determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a Model of Real Equilibrium Chapter 6 Money, Prices and the Interest Rate

Слайд 4


Introduction Structure of course Chapter 7 Labour Market, Employment, Unemployment Chapter 8 Economic Fluctuations
Описание слайда:
Introduction Structure of course Chapter 7 Labour Market, Employment, Unemployment Chapter 8 Economic Fluctuations

Слайд 5


Introduction Structure of course Chapter 9 The Keynsian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Chapter 10 Aggregate Supply
Описание слайда:
Introduction Structure of course Chapter 9 The Keynsian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Chapter 10 Aggregate Supply

Слайд 6


Introduction Definition “Macroeconomics was born as distinct in the 1940, as part of intellectual response to the Great Depression. The term then referred to the body of knowledge and expertise that we hoped would prevent recurrence of that economic disaster..” (R. Lucas)
Описание слайда:
Introduction Definition “Macroeconomics was born as distinct in the 1940, as part of intellectual response to the Great Depression. The term then referred to the body of knowledge and expertise that we hoped would prevent recurrence of that economic disaster..” (R. Lucas)

Слайд 7


Introduction Definition Since then, economic science is divided into two fields Microeconomics, which develops the theories of individual behaviors: theories of producer, consumer, etc.
Описание слайда:
Introduction Definition Since then, economic science is divided into two fields Microeconomics, which develops the theories of individual behaviors: theories of producer, consumer, etc.

Слайд 8


Introduction Definition Since then, economic science is divided into two fields Macroeconomics, which develops the theories of collective behaviors The main goal of macroeconomics is to explain and predict the evolution of different economic variables, such as output, employment, money supply, interest rates, prices, exchange rates, external balance, public budget deficit, public debt
Описание слайда:
Introduction Definition Since then, economic science is divided into two fields Macroeconomics, which develops the theories of collective behaviors The main goal of macroeconomics is to explain and predict the evolution of different economic variables, such as output, employment, money supply, interest rates, prices, exchange rates, external balance, public budget deficit, public debt

Слайд 9


Introduction Relationships between two sub- disciplines Examples - how agents see the future and build their expectations (micro) can influence the level of overall consumption (macro) - the level of public deficit (macro) can get people to change their saving behaviours (micro)
Описание слайда:
Introduction Relationships between two sub- disciplines Examples - how agents see the future and build their expectations (micro) can influence the level of overall consumption (macro) - the level of public deficit (macro) can get people to change their saving behaviours (micro)

Слайд 10


Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Two main theories: - Classical theory gives a central place to the notion of equilibrium - Keynesian theory – “ sticky prices macroeconomics”
Описание слайда:
Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Two main theories: - Classical theory gives a central place to the notion of equilibrium - Keynesian theory – “ sticky prices macroeconomics”

Слайд 11


Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Classical theory- economic policies are not helpful. Market can be cleared in the short run without the necessity of external intervention.
Описание слайда:
Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Classical theory- economic policies are not helpful. Market can be cleared in the short run without the necessity of external intervention.

Слайд 12


Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Keynesian theory – economic policies are useful because the return to equilibrium for the economy is neither automatic nor immediate.
Описание слайда:
Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Keynesian theory – economic policies are useful because the return to equilibrium for the economy is neither automatic nor immediate.

Слайд 13


Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Classical theory- Hypothesis of flexible prices, macroeconomic theories may be useful to explain the functioning of the economy in the long run.
Описание слайда:
Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Classical theory- Hypothesis of flexible prices, macroeconomic theories may be useful to explain the functioning of the economy in the long run.

Слайд 14


Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Keynsian theory helps to explain the short-run fluctuations in the level of activity that generate disequilibrium.
Описание слайда:
Introduction An overview of the macroeconomic theories Keynsian theory helps to explain the short-run fluctuations in the level of activity that generate disequilibrium.

Слайд 15


Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics The macro circuit means a non-theoretical representation of economic activity. Three macroeconomic aggre-gates: global output, global income, global expenditure.
Описание слайда:
Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics The macro circuit means a non-theoretical representation of economic activity. Three macroeconomic aggre-gates: global output, global income, global expenditure.

Слайд 16


Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics The output is the value, expressed in money. This is a monetary consideration of the production activity. Income means the monetary value of resources received by agents
Описание слайда:
Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics The output is the value, expressed in money. This is a monetary consideration of the production activity. Income means the monetary value of resources received by agents

Слайд 17


Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics Expenditure means the money value of purchases of goods and services made by economic agents.
Описание слайда:
Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics Expenditure means the money value of purchases of goods and services made by economic agents.

Слайд 18


Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics Macroeconomic subjects
Описание слайда:
Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics Macroeconomic subjects

Слайд 19


Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics OUTPUT=INCOME=EXPENDITURE
Описание слайда:
Introduction The Empirical Aspects of the Macro-economics OUTPUT=INCOME=EXPENDITURE

Слайд 20


Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Economic variables -Stock variables measure a quantity at a given date (number of unemployed in March 31). -Flow variables measure a magnitude between two dates (consumption expenditure of households in 2010).
Описание слайда:
Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Economic variables -Stock variables measure a quantity at a given date (number of unemployed in March 31). -Flow variables measure a magnitude between two dates (consumption expenditure of households in 2010).

Слайд 21


Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement of output The nominal output QV ALt =q At x pAt+qBtxpBt - QV ALt = ∑qit pit
Описание слайда:
Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement of output The nominal output QV ALt =q At x pAt+qBtxpBt - QV ALt = ∑qit pit

Слайд 22


Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement of output The real output QVOLt = ∑qit x pi0
Описание слайда:
Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement of output The real output QVOLt = ∑qit x pi0

Слайд 23


Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement the changes Measurement of price changes I (P) t/t-k =(Pt /Pt-k) x100 - Measurement of living standard in the country
Описание слайда:
Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement the changes Measurement of price changes I (P) t/t-k =(Pt /Pt-k) x100 - Measurement of living standard in the country

Слайд 24


Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement the productivity Y/H hourly labour productivity
Описание слайда:
Introduction The measurement of macroeconomic facts Measurement the productivity Y/H hourly labour productivity

Слайд 25


Introduction Methods and Assumptions of Macro-economic What is a model? Model is a theoretical construct designed to provide a simplified presentation of reality.
Описание слайда:
Introduction Methods and Assumptions of Macro-economic What is a model? Model is a theoretical construct designed to provide a simplified presentation of reality.

Слайд 26


Introduction Methods and Assumptions of Macro-economic What is a model? Example- a model of economic equilibrium
Описание слайда:
Introduction Methods and Assumptions of Macro-economic What is a model? Example- a model of economic equilibrium

Слайд 27


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Y=F (K,L) Output will depend on amounts of factor use but also on returns to scale
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Y=F (K,L) Output will depend on amounts of factor use but also on returns to scale

Слайд 28


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply F (λK,λL)= λzY z=1 constant returns to scale Z<1 decreasing returns to scale Z>1 increasing returns to scale
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply F (λK,λL)= λzY z=1 constant returns to scale Z<1 decreasing returns to scale Z>1 increasing returns to scale

Слайд 29


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Y=Ka L (1-a) - Cobb-Douglas function Aggregate supply =F (K, L)Y
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Y=Ka L (1-a) - Cobb-Douglas function Aggregate supply =F (K, L)Y

Слайд 30


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Profit maximization Profit= PY-WL-RK = PxF (K,L)-WL-RK
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Profit maximization Profit= PY-WL-RK = PxF (K,L)-WL-RK

Слайд 31


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply MPL marginal product of labour MPL=F(K, L+1)-F (K,L)
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply MPL marginal product of labour MPL=F(K, L+1)-F (K,L)

Слайд 32


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Demand for labour MPL=W/P
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Demand for labour MPL=W/P

Слайд 33


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Demand for capital MPK=F(K+1,L)-F(K,L) MPK=R/P
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The production function and aggregate supply Demand for capital MPK=F(K+1,L)-F(K,L) MPK=R/P

Слайд 34


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income The national income is used to pay labour and capital Y=MPLxL+MPKxK
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income The national income is used to pay labour and capital Y=MPLxL+MPKxK

Слайд 35


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income Y=Ka L (1-a) MPL=(1-a)Y/L MPK=aY/K
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income Y=Ka L (1-a) MPL=(1-a)Y/L MPK=aY/K

Слайд 36


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income Y=Ka L (1-a) MPL=(1-a)Y/L MPK=aY/K
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income Y=Ka L (1-a) MPL=(1-a)Y/L MPK=aY/K

Слайд 37


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income (1-a)=MPLxL/Y a=MPKxK/Y
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The distribution of national income (1-a)=MPLxL/Y a=MPKxK/Y

Слайд 38


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income Income=Expenditure Y=C+I+G
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income Income=Expenditure Y=C+I+G

Слайд 39


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function Classical economists consider that savings is determined by the rate of interest.
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function Classical economists consider that savings is determined by the rate of interest.

Слайд 40


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function Keynesian economists consider that most influent variable for consumption is level of income. (Psychological fundamental law).
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function Keynesian economists consider that most influent variable for consumption is level of income. (Psychological fundamental law).

Слайд 41


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function In keynesian economics MPC=∆C/ ∆(Y-T) marginal propensity to consume
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function In keynesian economics MPC=∆C/ ∆(Y-T) marginal propensity to consume

Слайд 42


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function C=C0 + c (Y-T) 0<c<1 APC=C/(Y-T) = C0 /(Y-T)+c APC is decreasing with higher Y
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The consumption function C=C0 + c (Y-T) 0<c<1 APC=C/(Y-T) = C0 /(Y-T)+c APC is decreasing with higher Y

Слайд 43


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The investment function The decision to invest at the micro level The decision rule For a given project the investment will be achieved only if r>r*
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The investment function The decision to invest at the micro level The decision rule For a given project the investment will be achieved only if r>r*

Слайд 44


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The investment function The decision to invest at the macro level Selection of investment projects with r>r*
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income The investment function The decision to invest at the macro level Selection of investment projects with r>r*

Слайд 45


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income Public spending - operating expenses - capital expenses - expenditure of social security - debt service
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income Public spending - operating expenses - capital expenses - expenditure of social security - debt service

Слайд 46


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income Public spending The government must fund these expenses. Expenditures must be offset by equivalent receipts obtained - by taxes - borrowing through net issuance of debt securities - printing money
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The expense of national income Public spending The government must fund these expenses. Expenditures must be offset by equivalent receipts obtained - by taxes - borrowing through net issuance of debt securities - printing money

Слайд 47


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The equilibrium in the market for goods and services Y=E (Expenditure) Y=C+I+G C (Y-T) +I (r) +G Y, T , G are exogenous Y=C(Y-T)+ I(r)+G Y=F(K,L)
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The equilibrium in the market for goods and services Y=E (Expenditure) Y=C+I+G C (Y-T) +I (r) +G Y, T , G are exogenous Y=C(Y-T)+ I(r)+G Y=F(K,L)

Слайд 48


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The equilibrium in the financial market: the role of the interest rate A) Savings S=Y-C-G S=(Y-T-G) +(T-G) (Y-T-C)- private savings (T-G) –public savings
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The equilibrium in the financial market: the role of the interest rate A) Savings S=Y-C-G S=(Y-T-G) +(T-G) (Y-T-C)- private savings (T-G) –public savings

Слайд 49


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The equilibrium in the financial market: the role of the interest rate B) Investment Investment is the demand for loanable funds and negatively linked with the interest rate C) The market for loanable funds S=I (r) Y=C+I (r)+G Y-C-G=I (r) S=I (r)
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The equilibrium in the financial market: the role of the interest rate B) Investment Investment is the demand for loanable funds and negatively linked with the interest rate C) The market for loanable funds S=I (r) Y=C+I (r)+G Y-C-G=I (r) S=I (r)

Слайд 50


The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The impact of budget policy on saving and investment A) The effect of higher public spending Y=C+ I (r)+G B) The effect of tax cut
Описание слайда:
The determination of Output, Income, Expenditure and a model of Real Equilibrium The impact of budget policy on saving and investment A) The effect of higher public spending Y=C+ I (r)+G B) The effect of tax cut

Слайд 51


Money, prices and interest rates What is the impact of change in the quantity of money on the functioning of economy What connection is there between the interest rate, demand for money and price trends What problems between too large fluctuations in the price level.
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates What is the impact of change in the quantity of money on the functioning of economy What connection is there between the interest rate, demand for money and price trends What problems between too large fluctuations in the price level.

Слайд 52


Money, prices and interest rates Money is one of the asset which is the easiest to mobilize to carry out transactions (very liquid asset). 3 Functions of money Money is a store of value. Money is a unit of account, a measurement standard. Money is an instrument of payment
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates Money is one of the asset which is the easiest to mobilize to carry out transactions (very liquid asset). 3 Functions of money Money is a store of value. Money is a unit of account, a measurement standard. Money is an instrument of payment

Слайд 53


Money, prices and interest rates Agents will want to have a greater or lesser amount of these asset as needed. So there is a demand for money, as well as for any good or asset. The money supply is controlled the banking system, consisting of regular banks under the authority of central bank.
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates Agents will want to have a greater or lesser amount of these asset as needed. So there is a demand for money, as well as for any good or asset. The money supply is controlled the banking system, consisting of regular banks under the authority of central bank.

Слайд 54


Money, prices and interest rates The Quantity theory of money MV=PY V=PY/M =nominal GDP/Money stock
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates The Quantity theory of money MV=PY V=PY/M =nominal GDP/Money stock

Слайд 55


Money, prices and interest rates The Quantity theory of money Demand for money Md=(1/V)PY 1/V=k Md =kY QTM is the theory of determining the price level by the quantity of money.
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates The Quantity theory of money Demand for money Md=(1/V)PY 1/V=k Md =kY QTM is the theory of determining the price level by the quantity of money.

Слайд 56


Money, prices and interest Rates The Interest Rate, the demand for money and Inflation The nominal interest rate (NIR) is the rate of change of an amount of money during a period when the is the subject of a loan. The real interest rate (RIR) is the rate of variation in the purchasing power of money.
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest Rates The Interest Rate, the demand for money and Inflation The nominal interest rate (NIR) is the rate of change of an amount of money during a period when the is the subject of a loan. The real interest rate (RIR) is the rate of variation in the purchasing power of money.

Слайд 57


Money, prices and interest Rates The Interest Rate, the demand for money and Inflation NIR and RIR are connected הּ-Inflation rate (1+i)= (1+r)(1+ הּ) 1+i=1+r+ הּ+ הּr i≈r+ הּ
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest Rates The Interest Rate, the demand for money and Inflation NIR and RIR are connected הּ-Inflation rate (1+i)= (1+r)(1+ הּ) 1+i=1+r+ הּ+ הּr i≈r+ הּ

Слайд 58


Money, prices and interest Rates The Interest Rate, the demand for money and Inflation NIR depends on: -the real interest rate, itself determined between savings and investment - expected inflation i=r+הּe
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest Rates The Interest Rate, the demand for money and Inflation NIR depends on: -the real interest rate, itself determined between savings and investment - expected inflation i=r+הּe

Слайд 59


Money, prices and interest Rates Interest rate and money demand Md/P = L(i,Y) Demand for real money balances depends on nominal interest rate and on real GDP
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest Rates Interest rate and money demand Md/P = L(i,Y) Demand for real money balances depends on nominal interest rate and on real GDP

Слайд 60


Money, prices and interest Rates The money supply and expected price level M/P =Md/P M/P=L (i, Y)
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest Rates The money supply and expected price level M/P =Md/P M/P=L (i, Y)

Слайд 61


Money, prices and interest rates The money supply and expected price level M/P=L (r+ הּe, Y ) P=M/L(r+ הּe, Y )
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates The money supply and expected price level M/P=L (r+ הּe, Y ) P=M/L(r+ הּe, Y )

Слайд 62


Money, prices and interest rates The Problems with Too Large Fluctuation in Price Level Inflation is a general rise in prices of goods and services. Its effects on money functions Inflation creates many distortions
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates The Problems with Too Large Fluctuation in Price Level Inflation is a general rise in prices of goods and services. Its effects on money functions Inflation creates many distortions

Слайд 63


Money, prices and interest rates The Problems with Too Large Fluctuation in Price Level Deflation is the symmetrical situation of inflation.
Описание слайда:
Money, prices and interest rates The Problems with Too Large Fluctuation in Price Level Deflation is the symmetrical situation of inflation.

Слайд 64


Labour market, employment, unemployment Labour demand comes from com-panies that want to produce. Labour supply comes from indi-viduals who wish to earn an income.
Описание слайда:
Labour market, employment, unemployment Labour demand comes from com-panies that want to produce. Labour supply comes from indi-viduals who wish to earn an income.

Слайд 65


Labour market, employment, unemployment The labour force is an aggregate that includes the employed labour force (ELF) and the population that is seeking a job (Unemployed Labour Force; ULF). The participation rate is defined as follows: a =(ELF+ULF)/15-64 years population
Описание слайда:
Labour market, employment, unemployment The labour force is an aggregate that includes the employed labour force (ELF) and the population that is seeking a job (Unemployed Labour Force; ULF). The participation rate is defined as follows: a =(ELF+ULF)/15-64 years population

Слайд 66


Labour market, employment, unemployment The labour force is an aggregate that includes the employed labour force (ELF) and the population that is seeking a job (Unemployed Labour Force; ULF). u (unemployment rate) ULF/ELF+ULF
Описание слайда:
Labour market, employment, unemployment The labour force is an aggregate that includes the employed labour force (ELF) and the population that is seeking a job (Unemployed Labour Force; ULF). u (unemployment rate) ULF/ELF+ULF

Слайд 67


Labour market, employment, unemployment The labour force is an aggregate that includes the employed labour force (ELF) and the population that is seeking a job (Unemployed Labour Force; ULF). e (Employment rate) ELF/15-64 years population
Описание слайда:
Labour market, employment, unemployment The labour force is an aggregate that includes the employed labour force (ELF) and the population that is seeking a job (Unemployed Labour Force; ULF). e (Employment rate) ELF/15-64 years population

Слайд 68


Labour market, employment, unemployment N=E+U+I N=15-64 years old a= (E+U)/N e=E/N u=U/(E+U) a=e/(1-u)
Описание слайда:
Labour market, employment, unemployment N=E+U+I N=15-64 years old a= (E+U)/N e=E/N u=U/(E+U) a=e/(1-u)

Слайд 69


Labour market, employment, unemployment Share of long length unemployed (those unemployed for one year and more) in the total unemployed. Average duration of unemployment
Описание слайда:
Labour market, employment, unemployment Share of long length unemployed (those unemployed for one year and more) in the total unemployed. Average duration of unemployment

Слайд 70


Labour market, employment, unemployment The flow of workers It is the number of people who, over time, get in and out of employment status. Flow of jobs Net job flow=flow of job creation- flow of job destruction
Описание слайда:
Labour market, employment, unemployment The flow of workers It is the number of people who, over time, get in and out of employment status. Flow of jobs Net job flow=flow of job creation- flow of job destruction

Слайд 71


The Long-Run Rate of Unemployment L =E+U u=U/L Job acquisition rate a=A/U percentage of unemployed during a given month who gains employment
Описание слайда:
The Long-Run Rate of Unemployment L =E+U u=U/L Job acquisition rate a=A/U percentage of unemployed during a given month who gains employment

Слайд 72


The Long-Run Rate of Unemployment L =E+U u=U/L Job loss rate p=P/U percentage of employees who lose their jobs in a given month.
Описание слайда:
The Long-Run Rate of Unemployment L =E+U u=U/L Job loss rate p=P/U percentage of employees who lose their jobs in a given month.

Слайд 73


The Long-Run Rate of Unemployment Natural rate of unemployment=long-run rate of unemployment A=P
Описание слайда:
The Long-Run Rate of Unemployment Natural rate of unemployment=long-run rate of unemployment A=P

Слайд 74


Economic fluctuations The economy is experiencing fluctuations that result in variations in the level of output around its long-run trend. The existence of these fluctuations leads to talk about business cycle.
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations The economy is experiencing fluctuations that result in variations in the level of output around its long-run trend. The existence of these fluctuations leads to talk about business cycle.

Слайд 75


Economic fluctuations Acceleration phases (economic boom) Contraction phase (economic recession)
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Acceleration phases (economic boom) Contraction phase (economic recession)

Слайд 76


Economic fluctuations Changes in output and unemployment When the economy is bad, cyclical unemployment, adds to structural and frictional unemployment. The relationship between output level and unemployment is known as “Okun,s law”
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Changes in output and unemployment When the economy is bad, cyclical unemployment, adds to structural and frictional unemployment. The relationship between output level and unemployment is known as “Okun,s law”

Слайд 77


Economic fluctuations Changes in output and unemployment When the economy is bad, cyclical unemployment, adds to structural and frictional unemployment. Okun consider that: the unemployment rate is negatively linked to the level of output.
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Changes in output and unemployment When the economy is bad, cyclical unemployment, adds to structural and frictional unemployment. Okun consider that: the unemployment rate is negatively linked to the level of output.

Слайд 78


Economic fluctuations Changes in output and unemployment When the economy is bad, cyclical unemployment, adds to structural and frictional unemployment. ut=a-β((Yt-Y*)/Y*) ut –u*= - β((Yt-Y*)/ Y*) The unemployment gap is negatively linked to the output gap expressed in percent”.
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Changes in output and unemployment When the economy is bad, cyclical unemployment, adds to structural and frictional unemployment. ut=a-β((Yt-Y*)/Y*) ut –u*= - β((Yt-Y*)/ Y*) The unemployment gap is negatively linked to the output gap expressed in percent”.

Слайд 79


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply The aggregate demand is deduced from the quantity aquation of money. The AD curve is the curve reflecting, at the macroeconomic level, the relationship between the demanded quontities of goods and price level (for a given level of money supply and velocity).
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply The aggregate demand is deduced from the quantity aquation of money. The AD curve is the curve reflecting, at the macroeconomic level, the relationship between the demanded quontities of goods and price level (for a given level of money supply and velocity).

Слайд 80


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply The aggregate supply The long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) Production function Y=f (K,L) The short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) Rigidity of prices
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply The aggregate supply The long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) Production function Y=f (K,L) The short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) Rigidity of prices

Слайд 81


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model Long-run effect of change in AD In the long run only the price level is effected.
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model Long-run effect of change in AD In the long run only the price level is effected.

Слайд 82


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model Short-run effect of change in AD In the short run, an AD decrease reduces the activity level of the economy which can fall in a recession. Prices are pushed down. An increase pushes output up and prices too.
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model Short-run effect of change in AD In the short run, an AD decrease reduces the activity level of the economy which can fall in a recession. Prices are pushed down. An increase pushes output up and prices too.

Слайд 83


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy The Central bank can reduce the money supply The M decrease reduces AD, which affects the level of output Y and the economy enters a recession. Over time, given the weak demand, prices will decrease. The prices decrease brings the economy towards its long-run equilibrium.
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy The Central bank can reduce the money supply The M decrease reduces AD, which affects the level of output Y and the economy enters a recession. Over time, given the weak demand, prices will decrease. The prices decrease brings the economy towards its long-run equilibrium.

Слайд 84


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy 1) a decrease in output in the short run, then a return to the long-run value 2) price stability in the short run and lower prices over time
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy 1) a decrease in output in the short run, then a return to the long-run value 2) price stability in the short run and lower prices over time

Слайд 85


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy 1) a decrease in output in the short run, then a return to the long-run value 2) price stability in the short run and lower prices over time
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy 1) a decrease in output in the short run, then a return to the long-run value 2) price stability in the short run and lower prices over time

Слайд 86


Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy 1) a decrease in output in the short run, then a return to the long-run value 2) price stability in the short run and lower prices over time
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations Aggregate demand and aggregate supply AS-AD model The Effect of Monetary Policy 1) a decrease in output in the short run, then a return to the long-run value 2) price stability in the short run and lower prices over time

Слайд 87


Economic fluctuations External shock –an event that affects suddenly the economy and rules out output of his equilibrium level. Demand shocks affect the main components of demand: con-sumption, investment, exports. Supply shocks cause changes in production costs for firms.
Описание слайда:
Economic fluctuations External shock –an event that affects suddenly the economy and rules out output of his equilibrium level. Demand shocks affect the main components of demand: con-sumption, investment, exports. Supply shocks cause changes in production costs for firms.

Слайд 88


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Keynesian Macroeconomics (KM) - prices are sticky in the short run - the short run equilibrium does not necessarily correspond to full employment and the level of employment is determined by the level of aggregate demand - the quantity of money has an impact on the level of real output
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Keynesian Macroeconomics (KM) - prices are sticky in the short run - the short run equilibrium does not necessarily correspond to full employment and the level of employment is determined by the level of aggregate demand - the quantity of money has an impact on the level of real output

Слайд 89


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Keynesian Macroeconomics (KM) C=c(Y-T) E=c (Y-T)+I+G E=cY+(I+G-cT) Keynesian equilibrium Real Output=Planned Expenditure
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Keynesian Macroeconomics (KM) C=c(Y-T) E=c (Y-T)+I+G E=cY+(I+G-cT) Keynesian equilibrium Real Output=Planned Expenditure

Слайд 90


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM The impact of budget policy ∆Y=(1/1-c)/ ∆G ∆ Y=(-c/(1-c)) x ∆T
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM The impact of budget policy ∆Y=(1/1-c)/ ∆G ∆ Y=(-c/(1-c)) x ∆T

Слайд 91


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM The impact of budget policy Balanced budget ∆Y= ∆G ∆
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM The impact of budget policy Balanced budget ∆Y= ∆G ∆

Слайд 92


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM I =I(r) IS curve shows all possible com-binations of income and interest rate that are consistent with equilibrium in the market for goods and services.
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM I =I(r) IS curve shows all possible com-binations of income and interest rate that are consistent with equilibrium in the market for goods and services.

Слайд 93


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Budget policy and IS-curve - An increase in public spending or a decrease in taxes moves IS to the right - Lower public spending or higher taxes moves IS to the left.
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Budget policy and IS-curve - An increase in public spending or a decrease in taxes moves IS to the right - Lower public spending or higher taxes moves IS to the left.

Слайд 94


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Money market and LM Curve The money supply -the money supply is exogenous and depends on the central bank; -prices are fixed in the short run
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Money market and LM Curve The money supply -the money supply is exogenous and depends on the central bank; -prices are fixed in the short run

Слайд 95


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Money market and LM Curve The demand for money Md/P=L(i,Y) - transaction motive - a care motive - speculative motive
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Money market and LM Curve The demand for money Md/P=L(i,Y) - transaction motive - a care motive - speculative motive

Слайд 96


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Definition: the LM curve represents all possible combinations of interest rate and income levels that meet the equilibrium of money market.
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Definition: the LM curve represents all possible combinations of interest rate and income levels that meet the equilibrium of money market.

Слайд 97


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Short-Run Equilibrium Y=C(Y-T)+I(r)+G M/P=L(i,Y)
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Short-Run Equilibrium Y=C(Y-T)+I(r)+G M/P=L(i,Y)

Слайд 98


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Economic Policy through the IS-LM model. The stabilization of the economy through budget policy -The case of a rise in public spending -The case of tax-cut
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Economic Policy through the IS-LM model. The stabilization of the economy through budget policy -The case of a rise in public spending -The case of tax-cut

Слайд 99


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Economic Policy through the IS-LM model. The stabilization of activity by monetary policy The interaction of budget and monetary policies
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM Economic Policy through the IS-LM model. The stabilization of activity by monetary policy The interaction of budget and monetary policies

Слайд 100


The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM IS-LM and aggregate demand IS-LM and deflation
Описание слайда:
The Keynesian Model of Short-Run Equilibrium Model IS-LM IS-LM and aggregate demand IS-LM and deflation

Слайд 101


Aggregate Supply LRAS –level of output is determined only by amounts of factors available. SRAS is based on the assumption of sticky prices in the short run (Y-Y*)=a(P-Pe)
Описание слайда:
Aggregate Supply LRAS –level of output is determined only by amounts of factors available. SRAS is based on the assumption of sticky prices in the short run (Y-Y*)=a(P-Pe)

Слайд 102


Aggregate Supply Nominal wage rigidity w=W/Pe W/P=wxPe/P
Описание слайда:
Aggregate Supply Nominal wage rigidity w=W/Pe W/P=wxPe/P

Слайд 103


Aggregate Supply The effect of a change in prices expectations Y=Y*+a(P-Pe) u=u* הּ= הּ-1 When u=u* inflation is stable (not accelerating). Phillips-curve.
Описание слайда:
Aggregate Supply The effect of a change in prices expectations Y=Y*+a(P-Pe) u=u* הּ= הּ-1 When u=u* inflation is stable (not accelerating). Phillips-curve.

Скачать

Похожие презентации
Mypresentation.ru
Загрузить презентацию