🗊Презентация Введение в английский фольклор.(Translated into English folklore)

Введение в английский фольклор

На вводном занятии (19.10) Термин «фольклор» / folklore История термина Истоки фольклористики как науки; механистическая / органическая картина мира Lore: значение и классификация Некоторые календарные традиции Англии

Занятия 2 (26.10), 3 (02.11) Что изучает фольклористика? (продолжение) Folktale Fairytale: классификация (-и) Практика: Reading a fairytale from Somerset Анализ фольклорного текста: понятия type, motif; ATU Index, Thompson’s Motif Index

I. Folktale - Theory

Alan Dundes – Definition of folklore (1) Folklore includes myths, legends, folktales, jokes, proverbs, riddles, chants, charms, blessings, curses, oaths, insults, retorts, taunts, teases, toasts, tongue-twisters, and greeting and leave-taking formulas (e.g., See you later, alligator). It also includes folk costume, folk dance, folk drama (and mime), folk art, folk belief (or superstition), folk medicine, folk instrumental music (e.g., fiddle tunes), folksongs (e.g., lullabies, ballads), folk speech (e.g., slang), folk similes (e.g., blind as a bat), folk metaphors (e.g., to paint the town red), and names (e.g., nicknames and place names). Folk poetry ranges from oral epics to autograph-book verse, epitaphs, latrinalia (writings on the walls of public bathrooms), limericks, ball-bouncing rhymes, jump-rope rhymes, finger and toe rhymes, dandling rhymes (to bounce children on the knee), counting-out rhymes (to determine who will be “it” in games), and nursery rhymes…

Alan Dundes – Definition of folklore (2) … (continuing) The list of folklore forms also contains games; gestures; symbols; prayers (e.g., graces); practical jokes; folk etymologies; food recipes; quilt and embroidery designs; house, barn, and fence types; street vendor’s cries; and even the traditional conventional sounds used to summon animals or give them commands. There are such minor forms as mnemonic devices (e.g, the name “Roy G. Biv” to remember the colors of the spectrum in order), envelope sealers (e.g., “SWAK”—Sealed With A Kiss), and the traditional comments made after body emissions (e.g., after burps or sneezes). There are such major forms as festivals and special day (or holiday) customs (e.g., Christmas, Halloween, and birthday). This list provides a sampling of the forms of folklore. It does not include all the forms. (1965)

Folklore includes myths, legends, folktales... Folklore includes myths, legends, folktales...

What is a folktale? What is a folktale?

Folktale: definition Broad sense: all traditional narratives in prose (legends, anecdotes…) Narrow sense: only fictional narratives

Types of the folktale (broad sense) Fairytale (wonder tale, magic tale) Legend – a short traditional oral narrative about people, objects and places that exist(ed) in real life Historical – about historical figures (heroes/kings/saints) Local – about landmarks/buildings in a certain area Migratory – found repeatedly at different places; same plot but different place names Contemporary – urban legends Fable – short comic tales making a moral point about human nature Memorate - about a personal experience (“I saw a ghost”) Tall tale – about astonishing adventures, unrealistically big animals and objects; presented as (not meant to be!) truth

Approaches to explaining parallelism in folklore Monogenesis

How can folktales be classified? Catalogue (classification system): created by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1867 – 1925). Still in use, almost universally accepted by folklorists. Index of Folktale Types (1910) – Указатель сказочных типов; first published in German, Verzeichnis der Märchentypen Revised and expanded by the American folktale scholar Stith Thompson: 1928, 1961 – the Aarne-Thompson system (AT) Further improved in 2004 by Hans-Jörg Uther: The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography – the Aarne-Thompson-Uther system (ATU)

Key terms used in folktale research Type

Classification of motifs Motif-index of folk-literature

Motif C420.2 in an English legend: “The Old Man at the White House” THERE WAS ONCE a man who lived in a white house in a certain village, and he knew everything about everybody who lived in the place. In the same village there lived a woman who had a daughter called Sally, and one day she gave Sally a pair of yellow gloves and threatened to kill her if she lost them. Now Sally was very proud of her gloves, but she was careless enough to lose one of them. After she had lost it she went to a row of houses in the village and inquired at every door if they had seen her glove. But everybody said “No,” and she was told to go and ask the old man that lived in the white house.  So Sally went to the white house and asked the old man if he had seen her glove. The old man said, “I have thy glove, and I will give it thee if thou wilt promise me to tell nobody where thou hast found it. And remember, if thou tells anybody I shall fetch thee out of bed when the clock strikes twelve at night.”

Types and Motifs: Main sources 1) http://www.mftd.org/index.php?action=atu - ATU 2) http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/thompson/ - Motifs 3) books.google.ru/books?id=uk-W8g_68b8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q=1090&f=false – Baughman (a catalogue for the English-speaking world) 4) http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html - Prof. Ashliman, Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts

II. Folktale - Practice

The Apple Tree Man Motifs

Little Rosy Type

Thank you! vk.com/isleofgramarye