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Choose the Correct answer, слайд №1Choose the Correct answer, слайд №2Choose the Correct answer, слайд №3Choose the Correct answer, слайд №4Choose the Correct answer, слайд №5Choose the Correct answer, слайд №6Choose the Correct answer, слайд №7Choose the Correct answer, слайд №8Choose the Correct answer, слайд №9Choose the Correct answer, слайд №10Choose the Correct answer, слайд №11Choose the Correct answer, слайд №12Choose the Correct answer, слайд №13Choose the Correct answer, слайд №14Choose the Correct answer, слайд №15Choose the Correct answer, слайд №16Choose the Correct answer, слайд №17Choose the Correct answer, слайд №18Choose the Correct answer, слайд №19Choose the Correct answer, слайд №20Choose the Correct answer, слайд №21Choose the Correct answer, слайд №22Choose the Correct answer, слайд №23Choose the Correct answer, слайд №24Choose the Correct answer, слайд №25Choose the Correct answer, слайд №26Choose the Correct answer, слайд №27Choose the Correct answer, слайд №28Choose the Correct answer, слайд №29Choose the Correct answer, слайд №30Choose the Correct answer, слайд №31Choose the Correct answer, слайд №32Choose the Correct answer, слайд №33Choose the Correct answer, слайд №34Choose the Correct answer, слайд №35Choose the Correct answer, слайд №36Choose the Correct answer, слайд №37Choose the Correct answer, слайд №38
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Choose the Correct answer 1-Causes of acute pre-renal failure a- Neurogenic bladder b- Acute tubular necrosis c- Dehydration d- Refluxing ureters
Описание слайда:
Choose the Correct answer 1-Causes of acute pre-renal failure a- Neurogenic bladder b- Acute tubular necrosis c- Dehydration d- Refluxing ureters

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2- As regard nephrotic syndrome a-Remission is defined as urine trace or negative for protein for 2 consecutive days b-Relapse is defined as mild proteinuria after a good response to corticosteroids c-Relapse is extremely rare d- Hypocomplemetinemia is an indication for renal biobsy before starting treatment
Описание слайда:
2- As regard nephrotic syndrome a-Remission is defined as urine trace or negative for protein for 2 consecutive days b-Relapse is defined as mild proteinuria after a good response to corticosteroids c-Relapse is extremely rare d- Hypocomplemetinemia is an indication for renal biobsy before starting treatment

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3-As regard pyuria a-Defined as the presence of more than 5 leucocytes/hpf b- Always indicate the presence of urinary tract infection c-Tonsillitis dose not cause pyuria d-Urinary bilharziasis never associated with pyuria
Описание слайда:
3-As regard pyuria a-Defined as the presence of more than 5 leucocytes/hpf b- Always indicate the presence of urinary tract infection c-Tonsillitis dose not cause pyuria d-Urinary bilharziasis never associated with pyuria

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4-In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a-Follows infection of throat or skin by nephritogenic strains of group C hemolytic streptococci b- Urinary protein excretion & hypertension normalize by 1 – 2 years after onset c- Microscopic hematuria may persist for 1–2 years after onset d-Hyaline casts are predominant in urine
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4-In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a-Follows infection of throat or skin by nephritogenic strains of group C hemolytic streptococci b- Urinary protein excretion & hypertension normalize by 1 – 2 years after onset c- Microscopic hematuria may persist for 1–2 years after onset d-Hyaline casts are predominant in urine

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5- As regard nephrotic syndrome a- Remission is defined as urine trace or negative for protein for 2 consecutive days b- Relapse is defined as proteinuria (1 or 2+) c- Relapse is extremely rare d- Hypocomplemetinemia is an indication for renal biobsy before starting treatment
Описание слайда:
5- As regard nephrotic syndrome a- Remission is defined as urine trace or negative for protein for 2 consecutive days b- Relapse is defined as proteinuria (1 or 2+) c- Relapse is extremely rare d- Hypocomplemetinemia is an indication for renal biobsy before starting treatment

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6- Charateristics of normal urine include a-PH is 9 b-RBCs are 5 – 7 / HPF c-WBCs are from 0 - 1 / HPF d-Normal protein excretion is up to 4mg/kg/hour urine
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6- Charateristics of normal urine include a-PH is 9 b-RBCs are 5 – 7 / HPF c-WBCs are from 0 - 1 / HPF d-Normal protein excretion is up to 4mg/kg/hour urine

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7- As regard nephrotic syndrome a-Rapid response to steroids & absence of relapse in 1st six months after diagnosis is associated with infrequent relapsing course b-Dose of corticosteroid is 60 mg / kg body weight/day for 4 – 8 weeks c- Persistent hematuria is not an indication for renal biobsy before starting treatment d- Release of antidiuretic hormone has no relation to the etiology of edema
Описание слайда:
7- As regard nephrotic syndrome a-Rapid response to steroids & absence of relapse in 1st six months after diagnosis is associated with infrequent relapsing course b-Dose of corticosteroid is 60 mg / kg body weight/day for 4 – 8 weeks c- Persistent hematuria is not an indication for renal biobsy before starting treatment d- Release of antidiuretic hormone has no relation to the etiology of edema

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8- The most reliable diagnostic laboratory test diagnosing acute renal failure is a-Blood urea nitrogen b-Serum creatinine c-Serum potassium d-Blood gas analysis
Описание слайда:
8- The most reliable diagnostic laboratory test diagnosing acute renal failure is a-Blood urea nitrogen b-Serum creatinine c-Serum potassium d-Blood gas analysis

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9- Diagnostic laboratory investigation associated with acute renal failure include a-hypophosphatemia b-hypernatremia c-metabolic alkalosis d-metaboloic acidosis
Описание слайда:
9- Diagnostic laboratory investigation associated with acute renal failure include a-hypophosphatemia b-hypernatremia c-metabolic alkalosis d-metaboloic acidosis

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10-As regard protein excretion in urine a- Normal protein excretion up to 40mg/m2/hr urine b-Nephrotic range proteinuria more than 40mg/m2/hr urine c-Proteinuria in minimal change disease is never selective d-Proteinuria is due to loss of positive charge of glycoproteins present in the glomerular basement membrane
Описание слайда:
10-As regard protein excretion in urine a- Normal protein excretion up to 40mg/m2/hr urine b-Nephrotic range proteinuria more than 40mg/m2/hr urine c-Proteinuria in minimal change disease is never selective d-Proteinuria is due to loss of positive charge of glycoproteins present in the glomerular basement membrane

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11-As regard nephrotic syndrome a-Secondary nephrotic syndrome conistitute 90% of cases in children b-Minimal change disease is uncommon c-Typhoid fever can be complicated by nephrotic syndrome d-It is more common in females than males
Описание слайда:
11-As regard nephrotic syndrome a-Secondary nephrotic syndrome conistitute 90% of cases in children b-Minimal change disease is uncommon c-Typhoid fever can be complicated by nephrotic syndrome d-It is more common in females than males

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12-As regard spot urine protein / creatinine ratio a- Its normal level in children less than 2yrs of age is more than 0.5 b- Its normal level in children more than 2yrs of age is less than 0.2 c- Morning urine sample is not accurate d-It diagnoses nephrotic syndrome if the ratio is more than 1
Описание слайда:
12-As regard spot urine protein / creatinine ratio a- Its normal level in children less than 2yrs of age is more than 0.5 b- Its normal level in children more than 2yrs of age is less than 0.2 c- Morning urine sample is not accurate d-It diagnoses nephrotic syndrome if the ratio is more than 1

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13-AS regard urinary tract infction A-significant bacteruria is defined as bacterial count of the clean catch urine is more than or equal to 10,000/ml b-more common in male than female childrens c-the most common causative organism is E-coli d-main source of infection is the urethra
Описание слайда:
13-AS regard urinary tract infction A-significant bacteruria is defined as bacterial count of the clean catch urine is more than or equal to 10,000/ml b-more common in male than female childrens c-the most common causative organism is E-coli d-main source of infection is the urethra

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14-As regard diagnosis of urinary tract inection a-Urine culture shows 10,000 colonies of a single pathogen B- DMSA scan is used to detect renal stones c-Urine culture shows 1000 colonies of a single pathogen in symptomatic child d-Acute pyelonephritis may present with acute gastroenteritis in infants
Описание слайда:
14-As regard diagnosis of urinary tract inection a-Urine culture shows 10,000 colonies of a single pathogen B- DMSA scan is used to detect renal stones c-Urine culture shows 1000 colonies of a single pathogen in symptomatic child d-Acute pyelonephritis may present with acute gastroenteritis in infants

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15-As regard hematuria: a-Microscopic hematuria is defined as the presence of 15 or more RBCs / hpf b-Terminal hematuria is upper urinary tract in origin c-Deformed urinary RBCs signify glomerular origin of hematuria d-Lower urinary tract lesions are associated with abnormal RBCs morphology, moderate proteinuria(more than 100mg/d)
Описание слайда:
15-As regard hematuria: a-Microscopic hematuria is defined as the presence of 15 or more RBCs / hpf b-Terminal hematuria is upper urinary tract in origin c-Deformed urinary RBCs signify glomerular origin of hematuria d-Lower urinary tract lesions are associated with abnormal RBCs morphology, moderate proteinuria(more than 100mg/d)

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16-In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a- Serum C3 level is decreased & returns normal 2 weeks after onset b- proteinuria is in the range of 4– 40mg/m/hr urine c- long acting penicillin is given for prophylaxis to prevent reccurence d- Fluid intake is calculated as insensible water loss (100ml/m2/24hr) + urinary out-put
Описание слайда:
16-In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a- Serum C3 level is decreased & returns normal 2 weeks after onset b- proteinuria is in the range of 4– 40mg/m/hr urine c- long acting penicillin is given for prophylaxis to prevent reccurence d- Fluid intake is calculated as insensible water loss (100ml/m2/24hr) + urinary out-put

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17-As regard treatment of urinary tract infection a-A 7 days course of a broad spectrum antibiotics is needed for treatment of acute pyelonephritis b- Treatment may start before obtaining a urine specimen for culture & sensitivity test c-Follow up include doing urine culture for 1-2 years only in symptomatic children d-Vesico-ureteric reflux is associated with frequent recurrences of UTI
Описание слайда:
17-As regard treatment of urinary tract infection a-A 7 days course of a broad spectrum antibiotics is needed for treatment of acute pyelonephritis b- Treatment may start before obtaining a urine specimen for culture & sensitivity test c-Follow up include doing urine culture for 1-2 years only in symptomatic children d-Vesico-ureteric reflux is associated with frequent recurrences of UTI

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18-As regard treatment of minimal change nephrotic syndrome a-Diet should be protein resricted b-Judicious use of diuretics is mandatory to avoid increased risk of thromboembolic complications c- About 50 % of children respond to prednisone within 3 – 5 weeks d-History of BCG vaccination has no significance before starting treatment with prednisone
Описание слайда:
18-As regard treatment of minimal change nephrotic syndrome a-Diet should be protein resricted b-Judicious use of diuretics is mandatory to avoid increased risk of thromboembolic complications c- About 50 % of children respond to prednisone within 3 – 5 weeks d-History of BCG vaccination has no significance before starting treatment with prednisone

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19-As regad management of acute renal failure a-Protein in diet is normal b-Potassium intake is not restricted c-Protein in diet is high d-Fluid intake is administered according to urine output and insensible water loss
Описание слайда:
19-As regad management of acute renal failure a-Protein in diet is normal b-Potassium intake is not restricted c-Protein in diet is high d-Fluid intake is administered according to urine output and insensible water loss

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20- Diagnostic laboratory investigations associated with acute renal failure include: a-Hypokalemia b-Hypercalcemia c-Anemia,thrombocytopenia,leucopenia d-Respiratory acidosis
Описание слайда:
20- Diagnostic laboratory investigations associated with acute renal failure include: a-Hypokalemia b-Hypercalcemia c-Anemia,thrombocytopenia,leucopenia d-Respiratory acidosis

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21- causes of acute post- renal failure a-Burns b-Glomerulonephritis c-Cyanotic congenital heart diseases d-Bilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction
Описание слайда:
21- causes of acute post- renal failure a-Burns b-Glomerulonephritis c-Cyanotic congenital heart diseases d-Bilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction

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22-As regard nephrotic syndrome a-85% of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is membranoproliferative b-Worest prognosis is associated with focal glomerulosclerosis c-Only 50% of cases with minimal change disease respond to prednisone treatment d-Proteinuria in minimal change disease is rarely selective
Описание слайда:
22-As regard nephrotic syndrome a-85% of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is membranoproliferative b-Worest prognosis is associated with focal glomerulosclerosis c-Only 50% of cases with minimal change disease respond to prednisone treatment d-Proteinuria in minimal change disease is rarely selective

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23- In nephrotic syndrome a-Edema is due to increased plasma protein level b-Renin-angiotensin system activation has no role in etiology of edema c-Hyperlipidemia is due to decreased plasma lipoprotein lipase d-The most common age of presentation in minimal change disease is 1- 12 years of age
Описание слайда:
23- In nephrotic syndrome a-Edema is due to increased plasma protein level b-Renin-angiotensin system activation has no role in etiology of edema c-Hyperlipidemia is due to decreased plasma lipoprotein lipase d-The most common age of presentation in minimal change disease is 1- 12 years of age

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24- As regard diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome a-Renal biobsy is required for diagnosis in most children b- Serum Complement C3 & C4 are decreased c- Serum albumin level is less than 2.5 g / dl d- Granular casts are predominant in urine analysis
Описание слайда:
24- As regard diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome a-Renal biobsy is required for diagnosis in most children b- Serum Complement C3 & C4 are decreased c- Serum albumin level is less than 2.5 g / dl d- Granular casts are predominant in urine analysis

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25-As regard complications of nephrotic syndrome a- Spontaneous peritonitis the most common type of infection and caused by staphylococcus aureus. b- Immmunosupressive therapy is not an etiological factor c-Increased tendency to arterial & venous thrombosis is due to decreased prothrombotic factors d- Polyvalent pnemococcal vaccine given to all children with nephrotic syndrome when child is on alternate day therapy.
Описание слайда:
25-As regard complications of nephrotic syndrome a- Spontaneous peritonitis the most common type of infection and caused by staphylococcus aureus. b- Immmunosupressive therapy is not an etiological factor c-Increased tendency to arterial & venous thrombosis is due to decreased prothrombotic factors d- Polyvalent pnemococcal vaccine given to all children with nephrotic syndrome when child is on alternate day therapy.

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False & True Systemic hypertension is a common complication of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Generalized non pitting odeama is a cardinal sign of idiopathic nephrotic syndrom Most cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are steroid resistant Hypocomplementemia is almost always present in acute postinfecious GN Rt sided HF is a common complication of acute GN In acute poststreptococcal GN corticosteroids represents a major line of treatment
Описание слайда:
False & True Systemic hypertension is a common complication of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Generalized non pitting odeama is a cardinal sign of idiopathic nephrotic syndrom Most cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are steroid resistant Hypocomplementemia is almost always present in acute postinfecious GN Rt sided HF is a common complication of acute GN In acute poststreptococcal GN corticosteroids represents a major line of treatment

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Case Senario A 5 years old boy presenting with a one week history of generalized edema starting around the eyes. On examination there is ascites , B.P.100/70 , Spot urine Protein /creatinine ratio is 4 , serum cholsterol 285mg/dl. Q1: What is the possible diagnosis? Q2: Mention 2 other investigations. Q3: Mention 2 possible complication. Q3: What is the treatment?
Описание слайда:
Case Senario A 5 years old boy presenting with a one week history of generalized edema starting around the eyes. On examination there is ascites , B.P.100/70 , Spot urine Protein /creatinine ratio is 4 , serum cholsterol 285mg/dl. Q1: What is the possible diagnosis? Q2: Mention 2 other investigations. Q3: Mention 2 possible complication. Q3: What is the treatment?

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Case senario 2 A 13 years old girl presenting with a 15 days history of generalized edema starting as morning buffy eyes. On examination there is ascites , B.P.140/85 mmhg , Spot urine Protein /creatinine ratio is 5 , serum cholsterol 465mg/dl. Q1: What is the possible diagnosis? Q2: Mention 1 important investigation . Q3: Mention 2 possible complication.
Описание слайда:
Case senario 2 A 13 years old girl presenting with a 15 days history of generalized edema starting as morning buffy eyes. On examination there is ascites , B.P.140/85 mmhg , Spot urine Protein /creatinine ratio is 5 , serum cholsterol 465mg/dl. Q1: What is the possible diagnosis? Q2: Mention 1 important investigation . Q3: Mention 2 possible complication.

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Case senario 3 A 5 years old boy presenting with a 5 days history of cola-like urine, generalized edema starting as morning buffy eyes. On examination : B.P. is 140/85mmhg , urine analysis shows RBCs 100/hpf, ASOT 350 , C3 is decreased. Q1: What is the possible diagnosis? Q2: Mention 2 other investigations . Q3: Mention 2 possible complication. Q4: Mention 3 lines of treatment.
Описание слайда:
Case senario 3 A 5 years old boy presenting with a 5 days history of cola-like urine, generalized edema starting as morning buffy eyes. On examination : B.P. is 140/85mmhg , urine analysis shows RBCs 100/hpf, ASOT 350 , C3 is decreased. Q1: What is the possible diagnosis? Q2: Mention 2 other investigations . Q3: Mention 2 possible complication. Q4: Mention 3 lines of treatment.

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